BÀI TẬP NGÀY 6/10/2021: WORD FORMATION
Antonio Vivaldi, an Italian composer and a violinist, was the most
(1) influential (INFLUENCE) of his age. He was born March 4, 1678, in Venice, and was trained by his·father, a violinist at Sa Mark's Cathedral.
(2) ordained (ORDAIN) a priest in 1703, Vivaldi began teaching that year at the Ospedale della Pieta, a
(3) conservatory (CONSERVE) for orphaned girls. He was associated with the Pieta, usually as music
(4) director (DIRECT), until 1740, training the students, composing concertos and oratorios for
(5) weekly (WEEK) concerts, and meanwhile establishing an international reputation. From 1713 on, Vivaldi was also
(6) active (ACT) as an opera composer and producer in Venice and traveled to Rome, Mantua, and
(7) elsewhere (ELSE) to oversee performances of his operas. In about 1740 he accepted a position at the court of Empire Charles VI in Vienna. He died in Vienna on July 28, 1741. Vivaldi's concertos provided a model for this genre throughout Europe, affecting the style even of his older contemporaries. Vivaldi was the first composer who
(8) consistently (CONSISTENT) used the ritornello form that became standard for the fast movements of concertos. The ritornello was a section that recurred in
(9) different (DIFFER) keys and was played by the full orcheStra. It alternated with soloist-dominated sections (episodes) that in his works were often virtuosic in character. He virtually established the three-movement format for the concerto and was among the first to introduce cadenzas for soloists. His opus 8 concertos entitled The Four Seasons are early examples of
(10) orchestral (ORCHESTRA) program music. Like much of his music, they are marked by vigorous rhythms and strong contrasts.
(1) influential: having a lot of influence on someone or something
(2) ordained: to officially make someone a priest or other religious leader, in a religious ceremony (phong chức, thăng chức)
(3) conservatory: a school for the teaching of music or sometimes acting or art (trường nhạc)
(4) director - music director: giám đốc âm nhạc
(5) weekly: hàng tuần
(6) active: hoạt động
(7) elsewhere: bất kì một nơi nào khác
(8) consistently: một cách nhất quán
(9) different: khác
(10) orchestral: connected with or involving an orchestra (thuộc về dàn nhạc giao hưởng)
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