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BÀI VIẾT CHỈ ĐỀ CẬP ĐẾN NHỮNG KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN, CHỦ YẾU ĐỂ CHÚNG TA TRAU DỒI KỸ NĂNG KẾT HỢP CÁC MÔN HỌC . MONG CÁC BẠN GÓP THÊM NHỮNG ĐIỀU HAY HƠN, MỚI HƠN VỀ NGUYÊN TỬ. (Ý KIẾN CÓ THỂ ĐƯỢC TEXT BẰNG TIẾNG VIỆT). NÀO CHÚNG TA CÙNG BẮT ĐẦU NHÉ !
If we talk about the atom, physically, we have to consider about its indentify.
* The atom is a very small partical and its ION is equal to zero.
Now, we will take a look of its ingrediant:
* The atom has two majour part.
1. Nucleus
- In nucleus, there are proton(signed P or p) and notron(signed N or n). Proton has positive ION and neutron doesn’t have ION. In the other way, the ION of the nuclear is equal to the ION of the proton (p). The scientist has calculated the exactly the ION of the p:
Q(p) = +1,6.10^-29 C ( one point six multiply with ten power negetive twenty nine culomb)
or might write : Q(p) = 1+
Considered about the weight of the atom, we have to considered about the weight of the two p and n. By experiments, scientist has calculated:
M(p) = M(n) = 1,67.10^-24 (g) = 1 U * one point sixty seven multiply with ten power negative twenty four*
Nowaday , The largest weight of the atom has been calculated:
M(a) = 4,52×10−25 kg
Moreover, the diameter of the atom and the nuclear were also caculated by scienctist:
d(a) = 10^-1 nm = 10^-10 m
d(n) = 10^-5 nm = 10^14 m
Else, we can use A (angstron) to calculated d of atom:
1 A = 0,1 nm
IF WE THINK MORE LITTLE DEEP ABOUT THAT FLOWING FORMULAR, WE WILL SEE MANY THING INSIDE IT: FOR EX:
We can amagine, if the nuclear is a ball which its diameter is 10 cm. Then, the diameter of the atom is 1km, BIG AS A STADIUM ! What a surprised result !
*Little thing about proton and neutron:
-So our question is very simple, ‘Is p or n smallest’’. Well, the anwser is no. There is such thing that ‘build’ proton or neutron.And that's quark.So is there any chance that thay are the smallest or what is quark made from ? It leads us to the final question “What’s the smallest?”. …..It need time to solve. We have to see back to the BIG BANG, the atom was not exist, only the smallest partical was exist. We have to hope in future, technology will help us find the answer.
2. ''Shield'' of electron
- Around the nucleus, electron moves very fast and confused.
- Electron’s ION is negative ( Q(e) = 1-)
- The number of e = the number of p
- Outermost shell( the last shield) decides that atom of the element is metal or non-metal. If it equal to 1,2,3: then it’s non-metal, if it equal to 5,6,7: then it’s definitely metal !
Eg: The last shield of electron of hidro is 1. Then H is none-metal.
* Concluse: Atom makes things. And things make from Atom. Atom is small, but not the smallest.
*NOTE: (BY HOAILA)
duplet structure (n): cấu trúc mà có 2 electron ở lớp ngoài cùng trong cấu hình electron
octet structure (n): cấu trúc mà có 8 electron ở lớp ngoài cùng trong cấu hình electron
Nắm chắc các kiến thức trên, bạn sẽ vững chắc hơn trong kiến thức hóa học, nhất là các bạn mới lớp 8. Topic còn sơ sài và nhiều sai sót. Mong các bạn sữa chữa và góp thêm ý kiến .
*Bài Tập Đề Nghị :
1. Cho r = 2.10^-13 cm . Tính D của proton
2. Tính khối lượng riêng của nguyên tử Hidro 1:1 biết r nguyên tử bằng 5,3.10^-9 cm
3. Nếu phóng đại đường kính hạt nhân lên 6cm thì bán kính nguyên tử là bao nhiêu biết :
+Bán kính nguyên tử là 5.10^-13, bán kính của hạt nhân là 3.10^-8 ( đơn vị cm)
THE ATOM
* The atom is a very small partical and its ION is equal to zero.
Now, we will take a look of its ingrediant:
* The atom has two majour part.
1. Nucleus
- In nucleus, there are proton(signed P or p) and notron(signed N or n). Proton has positive ION and neutron doesn’t have ION. In the other way, the ION of the nuclear is equal to the ION of the proton (p). The scientist has calculated the exactly the ION of the p:
Q(p) = +1,6.10^-29 C ( one point six multiply with ten power negetive twenty nine culomb)
or might write : Q(p) = 1+
Considered about the weight of the atom, we have to considered about the weight of the two p and n. By experiments, scientist has calculated:
M(p) = M(n) = 1,67.10^-24 (g) = 1 U * one point sixty seven multiply with ten power negative twenty four*
Nowaday , The largest weight of the atom has been calculated:
M(a) = 4,52×10−25 kg
Moreover, the diameter of the atom and the nuclear were also caculated by scienctist:
d(a) = 10^-1 nm = 10^-10 m
d(n) = 10^-5 nm = 10^14 m
Else, we can use A (angstron) to calculated d of atom:
1 A = 0,1 nm
IF WE THINK MORE LITTLE DEEP ABOUT THAT FLOWING FORMULAR, WE WILL SEE MANY THING INSIDE IT: FOR EX:
We can amagine, if the nuclear is a ball which its diameter is 10 cm. Then, the diameter of the atom is 1km, BIG AS A STADIUM ! What a surprised result !
*Little thing about proton and neutron:
-So our question is very simple, ‘Is p or n smallest’’. Well, the anwser is no. There is such thing that ‘build’ proton or neutron.And that's quark.So is there any chance that thay are the smallest or what is quark made from ? It leads us to the final question “What’s the smallest?”. …..It need time to solve. We have to see back to the BIG BANG, the atom was not exist, only the smallest partical was exist. We have to hope in future, technology will help us find the answer.
2. ''Shield'' of electron
- Around the nucleus, electron moves very fast and confused.
- Electron’s ION is negative ( Q(e) = 1-)
- The number of e = the number of p
- Outermost shell( the last shield) decides that atom of the element is metal or non-metal. If it equal to 1,2,3: then it’s non-metal, if it equal to 5,6,7: then it’s definitely metal !
Eg: The last shield of electron of hidro is 1. Then H is none-metal.
* Concluse: Atom makes things. And things make from Atom. Atom is small, but not the smallest.
*NOTE: (BY HOAILA)
duplet structure (n): cấu trúc mà có 2 electron ở lớp ngoài cùng trong cấu hình electron
octet structure (n): cấu trúc mà có 8 electron ở lớp ngoài cùng trong cấu hình electron
Nắm chắc các kiến thức trên, bạn sẽ vững chắc hơn trong kiến thức hóa học, nhất là các bạn mới lớp 8. Topic còn sơ sài và nhiều sai sót. Mong các bạn sữa chữa và góp thêm ý kiến .
*Bài Tập Đề Nghị :
1. Cho r = 2.10^-13 cm . Tính D của proton
2. Tính khối lượng riêng của nguyên tử Hidro 1:1 biết r nguyên tử bằng 5,3.10^-9 cm
3. Nếu phóng đại đường kính hạt nhân lên 6cm thì bán kính nguyên tử là bao nhiêu biết :
+Bán kính nguyên tử là 5.10^-13, bán kính của hạt nhân là 3.10^-8 ( đơn vị cm)
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