[TA-Lý thuyết+Bài tập]Kỹ năng viết - Câu gián tiếp

[hocmai.tienganh]

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I. GIỚI THIỆU

Khi thuật lại lời nói của người khác, ta có thể nhắc lại nguyên văn. Trường hợp này gọi là lời nói trực tiếp (Direct Speech) và khi viết phải đặt trong ngoặc kép.

Ex: Nam said, “I am going to the cinema”.

Nhưng ta cũng có thể sửa đổi chút ít và lồng vào câu nói của mình. Trường hợp này gọi là lời nói gián tiếp (Indirect speech).

Ex: Nam said that he was going to the cinema.

II. QUI TẮC CHUYỂN LỜI NÓI TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIẾP

Muốn chuyển một câu trần thuật từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần phải chú ý những thay đổi sau đây:

1. Đổi ngôi thứ của đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ và đại từ sở hữu cho thích hợp.
Ex: I am going to repair your bicycle; you can take mine.
==> Nam told me that he was going to repair my bicycle and I could take his.

2. Nếu nhắc lại lời nói trong quá khứ và dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh đề chính (He said…; they told…) thì động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp phải lùi về quá khứ một bước theo các quy tắc sau đây:
Simple present –> simple past
present progressive –> past progressive
present perfect –> past perfect
Simple past –> past perfect
past progressive –> past perfect progressive
Simple future –> would + V
can/may/must –> could /might/had to

3. Thay đổi những tính từ, phó từ hay cụm phó từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian… cho thích hợp, theo những quy tắc và thí dụ sau đây.
This - that; these - those; here - there; now - then; today - that day; tomorrow - the next day; yesterday - the previous day (the day before) ...

III. CÂU HỎI GIÁN TIẾP

Khi chuyển câu hỏi sang lời nói gián tiếp cũng phải áp dụng những quy tắc chung như đối với câu trân thuật, nhưng còn chú ý thêm những điểm sau đây:

1. Động từ trong mệnh đề chính để giới thiệu lời nói gián tiếp là ask (hoặc enquire, wonder, want to know, v.v…)
2. Từ để nối mệnh đề phụ là if hoặc want to know, v.v…
3. Từ để nối mệnh đề phụ là if hoặc whether đối với câu hỏi chung và đối với câu hỏi đặc biệt bắt đầu bằng các nghi vấn what, why, v.v… thì dùng lại các từ đó.
4. Dạng câu hỏi chuyển thành câu trần thuật do đó không dùng các trợ động từ do, did, does, trong câu hỏi gián tiếp
Ex: Is that boy your brother? ==> He asked me if (whether) that boy was my brother.

Can you speak Russian? ==> He asked me if (whether) that boy was my brother.

Will you come tomorrow? ==> He asked if I would come the next day.

Has Henry worked hard? ==> He enquired whether Henry had worked hard.

What is your name? ==> He asked me what my name was.

Where does she live? ==> He enquired where she lived.

What did the teacher say? ==> He asked what the teacher had said.

IV. CÂU CẦU KHIẾN GIÁN TIẾP

Chuyển câu cầu khiến sang lời nói gián tiếp phải theo các quy tắc sau:

1. Mệnh đề chính để giới thiệu phải dùng những động từ như order, command, tell, ask, request… tiếp theo là tân ngữ chỉ người được lệnh hay yêu cầu.

2. Động từ trong nguyên văn ở mức mệnh lệch phải đổi sang dạng động từ nguyên thể có to đứng trước. Nếu mệnh lệch ở thể phụ định thì thêm not trước to + infinitive.

Ex: Get out! ==> He ordered him (them) to get out.

Sit down, please. ==> She asked me (him) to sit down.

Don’t leave the door open. ==> He asked me not to leave the door open.

Don’t come here tomorrow. ==> He told us not come there the next day.

V. CÂU HỖN HỢP

Trường hợp phải chuyển những câu hỗn hợp gồm các loại câu trần thuật, câu hỏi và câu cầu khiến sang lời nói gián tiếp, thì cũng phải dùng những động từ thích hợp để giới thiệu từng phần.

Ex: - “I am off to the pictures. Where are you going?”.
==> He said that he was off to the pictures and wanted to know where I was going.

- “I have left my watch on your desk. Please bring it back to me”.
==> He said that he had left his watch on my desk and asked me to bring it back to him.

 

[hocmai.tienganh]

CÁC CẤU TRÚC KHÁC
​

Bài viết của believe_in_rose296

1. say that + a statement ==> agree (đồng ý), refuse (từ chối), offer (đề nghị), promise (hứa), threaten + to V(inf) (dọa)

Ex: “All right, I’ll help you” he said.
==> he agreed to help me.
“ Oh, no, I won’t come to your party”, he said.
==> he refused to come to my party.
“I’ll look for the cat for you tomorrow if you like” he said.
==> He offered to look after the cat for me the next day if I liked.
“I’ll visit your parents when I arrive there”, he said
==> he promised to visit my parents when he arrived there.
“I’ll sell the TV set if you keep on watching it all day”, said the father
==> the father threatened to sell the TV set if he kept on watching it all day

2. say that + a statement ==> accuse …of + V_ing (buộc tội), admit + V_ing (thừa nhận), apologise for + V_ing (xin lỗi), deny + V_ing (từ chối), insist on + V_ing (khăng khăng)

Ex: “You stole the jewels” said the inspector
==> the inspector accused her of stealing the jewels.
“I’ve made the wall dirty” said one student.
==> one student admitted making the wall dirty.
“I’m sorry I’m late” she said.
==> She apologized for being late.
“No, we didn’t enter the garden” said the boy.
==> the boy denied entering my garden.
“Certainly, I’ll buy that car for you”, said he.
==> he insisted on buying me that car.

3. say to somebody + a statement ==> told somebody + that + clause

Ex: “I’ve finished all my homework”, he said to me.
==> He told me that he had finished all his homework.

4. say + a statement ==> said that + clause

Ex: “I’m going to Hanoi tomorrow”, he said.
==> he said that he was going to Hanoi the next day.

5. statement with command, request, advice, invitation, offer ==> advise, ask, beg, encourage, invite, order, tell, warn, remind…

Ex: “you’d better hurry”, he said.
==> he advised me to hurry.
“Post the letter for me, will you?”he said.
==> he asked me to post the letter for him.
“make another try, please”, he said.
==> he encouraged me to make another try
“Don’t drive too fast”, he said.
==> He warned me not to drive too fast.
“Remember to close the door”, he said.
==> he reminded me to close the door.
“Don’t forget to come at 6 a.m tomorrow”, he said.
==> he reminded to come at 6 a.m the next day.

6. Questions with “shall I…”==> 4 loại sau:

• About future event (Sự kiện trong tương lai)
Ex: “Shall we attend the meeting tomorrow”, she said.
==> She asked if they would attend the meeting the next day

• Request for instruction or advice (Lời hướng dẫn hoặc lời khuyên)
Ex: “Shall I read it, mother?” ha said.
==> He asked his mother if he should read it.

• Offer to do something
Ex: “Shall we bring you some new books?” she said.
==> She offered to bring me some new books.

• Suggest to do something
Ex: “Shall we go to the cinema tonight”, he said.
==> He suggested going to the cinema that night.

7. Questions with “Will you, would you, could you…?” (yêu cầu, đề nghị, mời) ==> offer, invite, order, ask, told.

Ex: “ Will you come to my party tomorrow?” he said.
==> he invited me to come to his party the next day.
“Could you get ready at 6p.m tonight?” he said.
==> He told/asked me to get ready at 6p.m that night.
“Would you like some cigarettes?” he said.
==> He offered me some cigarettes.
“Will you shut your mouth?” he said.
==> he ordered me to shut my mouth.

8. Let’s do…==> suggest + V-ing (nếu bao gồm cả người nói thực hiện hành động)

Let’s do…==> suggest + that S should do…(có thể bao gồm hoặc không bao gồm người nói thực hiện hành động)

Ex: “Let’s go to the cinema tonight”, he said.
==> He suggested going to the cinema that night. (anh ta cũng đi)
==> He suggested that they should go to the cinema that night

9. Yes, let’s do…==> agree
No, let’s not do…==> be against the idea.

Ex: “Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother.
“Yes, let’s” said the son.
“No, let’s not” said the father.
==> The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea.

 

[hocmai.tienganh]

Bài viết của Jerken06:

10. Chúc tụng : ==> to wish sb st
Ex: " good luck" they said to me
"thank you" I said
==> they wished me good luck and I thanked them.

11. Chúc mừng : ==> to congratulate sb on st/doing st
EX "You have passed your exam. Congratulations!"
==> he congratulated me on passing my exam.

12. Khen : to compliment sb on st
hoặcto give sb an exclamation of pleasure
Chê ==> to give sb an exclamation of displeasure
Ex "Your skirt is very nice!' she said to me.
==> she complimented me on my skirt
- "Well done!" said my teacher
==> My teacher gave me an exclamation of pleasure.

13. Câu cảm thán :
Ex "What a nice day! "
==> she exclaimed that it was a nice day.

 

[hocmai.tienganh]

Lý thuyết hòm hòm rồi, bài tập cái hị

Ind01. Chuyển những câu sau sang gián tiếp.
1. “Shall I help you with the exercises?” he said.
2. “Shall we give him a birthday cake?” he said.
3. “Could I leave early on Friday?” he said.
4. “Where shall we meet tonight?” she said.
5. “Will you have a drink?” he said.
6. “How far is it from here to college?” he said.
7. “Do you often have breakfast at 6.30 a.m?” he said
8. “Don’t swim too far, boys” she said.
9. “Do come in and have a drink” he said.
10. “Remember to wake me up” she said.
11. “If I were you, I would learn English”, she said.
12. “Why don’t we go camping this Sunday?” he said.
13. “Would you like to come to my birthday party next Sunday?” she said.
14. “Let’s have a talk on the new film”, he said.
15. “ Shall I do the cleaning up for you?” he said.
16. “What a clever boy!” she said.
17. “How ugly!” he said.
18. “Did you prepare your meal?” he said. “No” I said.
19. “Happy birthday”, he said.
20. “Take your seat”, he said. “thank”, I said.

(Đáp án sẽ được công bố sau khi có từ 03 người trở lên trả lời bài hoặc sau 03 ngày đăng bài (16.10.2012), tùy theo điều kiện nào đến trước. Bắt đầu từ ngày 03.10.2012, hocmai.tienganh sẽ post đáp án khi không có bài làm hoặc không có bài làm đúng 100% (và chữa câu sai); ngược lại hocmai.tienganh sẽ cảm ơn bài làm đúng 100% và coi đó là đáp án của bài tập tương ứng.)

 

[hocmai.tienganh]

ĐÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP Ind01

1. He offered to help me with the exercises.
2. He suggested that they should give him a birthday cake.
3. He asked if he could leave early on Friday.
4. She asked where they would meet that night.
5. He offered me a drink.
6. He asked how far it was from there to college.
7. He asked me if I often had breakfast at 6.30.
8. She warned the boys not to swim too far.
9. He invited me to come in and have a drink.
10. She reminded me to wake her up.
11. He advised me to learn English.
12. He suggested going camping that Sunday.
13. He invited me to come to his birthday party the following Sunday.
14. He suggested having a talk on the new film.
15. He offered to do the cleaning up for me.
16. She said that the boy was clever.
17. He gave an exclamation of horror.
18. He asked whether I had prepared the meal and I said I hadn’t.
19. He wished me happy birthday.
20. He told me to take my seat and I thanked him.

:khi (117):

 

[cunkute_sup3r]

Cho bài tập tiếp đi nào mọi người ơi !!!!!!~:-SS
Em ngu phần này lắm ạ :-SS

 

[nhoxphann]

thanks

Hay quá mọi người ơi , post lên thêm nữa nhá , e ngu phần này kinh khủng lun , với lại mệnh đề wish , mệnh đề if nữa ạ , cảm ơn mọi người trước nhé>-