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Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question
It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a change environment, it may die. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.
The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One of the best - known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.
One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. The periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.
1. The word “it” in line 2 refers to ________.
A. environnent B. species C. extinction D. 99 percent
2. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth’s history?
A. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
B. They have caused rapid change in the environment.
C. They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms
D. They are no longer in existence.
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological change?
A. Availability of food resources B. Introduction of new species
C. Temperature changes D. Competition among species
4. The underlined word “ultimately” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. exceptionally B. unfortunately C. finally D. dramatically
5. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that ________.
A. There has been only one mass extinction in Earth’s history.
B. Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth’s history.
C. Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive.
D. Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.
6. The word “demise” is closest in meaning to________.
A. help B. death C. recovery D. change
7. According to the passage, it is believed that the largest extinction of the species occurred________.
A. 65 million years ago B. 250 million years ago
C. 225 million years ago D. 26 million years ago
8. Why is “plankton” mentioned in the second paragraph?
A. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction
B. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean
C. To point out that certain species could never become extinct
D. To demonstrate the interrelationship of different species
9. The underlined word “finding” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. published information B. research method
C. scientific discovery D. ongoing experiment
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. The theory is no longer seriously considered.
B. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
C. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
D. Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a change environment, it may die. The exact causes of a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.
The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One of the best - known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.
One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. The periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.
1. The word “it” in line 2 refers to ________.
A. environnent B. species C. extinction D. 99 percent
2. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth’s history?
A. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
B. They have caused rapid change in the environment.
C. They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms
D. They are no longer in existence.
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological change?
A. Availability of food resources B. Introduction of new species
C. Temperature changes D. Competition among species
4. The underlined word “ultimately” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. exceptionally B. unfortunately C. finally D. dramatically
5. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that ________.
A. There has been only one mass extinction in Earth’s history.
B. Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth’s history.
C. Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive.
D. Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.
6. The word “demise” is closest in meaning to________.
A. help B. death C. recovery D. change
7. According to the passage, it is believed that the largest extinction of the species occurred________.
A. 65 million years ago B. 250 million years ago
C. 225 million years ago D. 26 million years ago
8. Why is “plankton” mentioned in the second paragraph?
A. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction
B. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean
C. To point out that certain species could never become extinct
D. To demonstrate the interrelationship of different species
9. The underlined word “finding” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. published information B. research method
C. scientific discovery D. ongoing experiment
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. The theory is no longer seriously considered.
B. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
C. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
D. Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
