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Part I Reading Comprehension
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow
The green building movement is changing the way buildings are constructed. This movement started in the 1970s as people began to see that modern life was destroying the environment we all share. Natural resources were being destroyed, energy and water consumption were rising, and so was pollution of all kinds. The environmental destruction has continued and an important factor has been the way buildings have been constructed. In fact, energy use in buildings represents about 32 percent of all energy use in the United States.
In the early years, green builders were a small minority, and their goals of reducing the environmental impact of buildings were considered unrealistic. Now, however, the green building movement is growing, as builders have been able to take advantage of new technology and as the costs of this technology have gone down. Environmental building methods are now practical enough to save money for building owners, even as they reduce damage to the environment.
First, green builders try to make use of recycled materials as much as possible. In fact, vast amounts of materials such as steel, cement, and wood are used in construction. Nowhere are companies that specialize in gathering old materials, processing them, and selling them to builders for new buildings. States and cities are encouraging these companies, as the reuse of materials also means less waste in dumps. For large builders or homeowners, it is possible to find everything from steel and cement to doors, windows, sinks tubs, brick and hardware.
Another way that builders can reduce environmental impact is to reduce the energy requirements of a building. This can be done in several ways. One is to provide an alternative, nonpolluting source of energy. The first alternative energy source to be developed was solar power. With solar panels- wide, flat sheets of special material- it is possible to produce electricity from the rays of the sun. Builders can install solar panels on the roofs of buildings and connect them to cooling or lighting systems. Once the panels are installed, they provide energy at no cost and with no pollution. In addition, a nonpolluting solution for reducing energy use is a technology known as geothermal heating. To obtain geothermal heat, builders place special pipes below the ground, where temperatures remain constant all year. In the winter, the earth's natural heat can be collected in these pipes, and then transferred into the building's heating system. In the summer,
A different kind of solution to the energy problem is for builders to reduce the amount of energy required in a building. For example, it is possible to cut electricity use noticeably just by improving natural lighting and installing low-energy bulbs. To reduce the amount of fuel that is needed for heating or cooling, builders can also add installations to the walls so that the building stays warmer in winter and cooler in summer. They can also consider the position of the building to take advantage of natural heating and cooling effects of the sun, the wind, and the other buildings nearby. Furthermore, builders can plant trees that help reduce energy use by providing shade in sunny weather and protection from cold wind.
One of the best examples of advanced green building design in the United States is the Genzyme center for Cambridge. Massachusetts. In 2000, the Genzyme company decided to build the most environmentally responsible office building ever made in America. Every aspect of the design and building had to take into account two things: the need for a safe and pleasant workplace for employees and the need to reduce the negative environmental impact.
First, in the building, 75 percent of the building materials were recycled materials. Furthermore, at least half of the building materials came from nearby to use less energy in transport them . Now, special mirrors on the roof bring the sunlight into the center of the building so that most of the employees can work under natural light. The windows in the building can be opened-unlike windows in many American office buildings- so that people can get fresh air. Indoor gardens make the place more pleasant and also help clean the air of pollutants. Above all, the energy use in it has been reduced by 43 percent and water use by 32 percent, compared with other buildings of the same size.
In other parts of the world, several large-scale projects have recently been developed according to green building principles. One of these is in the town of Vauban, Germany, in an area that was once the site of army housing. This site has been completely rebuilt with houses that require 30 percent less energy than conventional houses. These houses are also heated by special nonpolluting systems that run on wood chips, and they are equipped with solar energy panels.
An even larger project is underway in China. The first phase of this project will include houses for 400 families built with solar power, nonpolluting bricks, and recycled wall installation. In a second phase, entire neighborhoods in six cities will be built according to green building principles. And if all goes well, the Chinese government plans to copy these ideas in new neighborhoods all across China. Whether on a small scale or large scale, green building ideas are spreading.
For many, they were viewed as an expensive option for the wealthy, but now individuals, companies, and governments are building to see their benefits. In addition to the fact that they are environmentally friendly, green buildings improve living and working conditions and also save money in the long run.
Decide whether the following statements are True or False and write your answers in the spaces provided.
___________first. Recycled building materials cannot be used by homeowners.
___________2. The green building endeavors in Germany focused on saving energy use.
___________3.The Chinese government has already implemented green building projects in new neighborhoods across China.
___________4.One area of focus for the Genzyme company was the fact that windows in many American office buildings cannot be opened.
___________5. Environmental building methods are now practical means to save money for builders and building owners.
Choose the correct answer and circle the letter of your choice
1.Which statement best describes the overall idea of the passage?
a.The green building movement began because people were worried about pollution.
b.All buildings are generally made so that they will be environment-friendly.
c.Environmental problems are causing serious damage to the world we live in.
d.Green builders are friendlier to the environment than ordinary buildings
2.Environmental building methods___________.
a.now save money for building owners.
b.are now very expensive for building owners.
c.are not practical for building owners now
d.are now considered unrealistic
3.Geothermal building _________________.
a.works through solar panels
b.uses the natural heat of the earth
c.requires a lot of fuel
d.does not work in summer
4.Which one of the following is NOT a way to reduce energy use?
a.using low-energy light bulbs
b.adding installation to the walls
c.making the building larger
d.positioning the building carefully
5You can infer from the passage that green builders
a,have been more stressful with private homes
b,are particularly concerned with lowering energy use
c,have not been successful outside the united states
d.have planted a lot of gardens in their buildings
Find words from the text that match with the following definitions
unlikely (para 2) _________________________________________
very great in size (para 3) __________________________________
reduce, decrease (para 6) ____________________________________
ordinary, common (para 8) _________________________________
expensive (para 10) ________________________________________
Write the words or phrases the following words refer to in the above passage
their ( para 2) _________________________________________________________________
they ( para 2) _______________________________________________________
This ( para 4) _________________________________________________________________
them ( para 3) ________________________________________________________________
these ( para 8) _________________________________________________________________
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow
The green building movement is changing the way buildings are constructed. This movement started in the 1970s as people began to see that modern life was destroying the environment we all share. Natural resources were being destroyed, energy and water consumption were rising, and so was pollution of all kinds. The environmental destruction has continued and an important factor has been the way buildings have been constructed. In fact, energy use in buildings represents about 32 percent of all energy use in the United States.
In the early years, green builders were a small minority, and their goals of reducing the environmental impact of buildings were considered unrealistic. Now, however, the green building movement is growing, as builders have been able to take advantage of new technology and as the costs of this technology have gone down. Environmental building methods are now practical enough to save money for building owners, even as they reduce damage to the environment.
First, green builders try to make use of recycled materials as much as possible. In fact, vast amounts of materials such as steel, cement, and wood are used in construction. Nowhere are companies that specialize in gathering old materials, processing them, and selling them to builders for new buildings. States and cities are encouraging these companies, as the reuse of materials also means less waste in dumps. For large builders or homeowners, it is possible to find everything from steel and cement to doors, windows, sinks tubs, brick and hardware.
Another way that builders can reduce environmental impact is to reduce the energy requirements of a building. This can be done in several ways. One is to provide an alternative, nonpolluting source of energy. The first alternative energy source to be developed was solar power. With solar panels- wide, flat sheets of special material- it is possible to produce electricity from the rays of the sun. Builders can install solar panels on the roofs of buildings and connect them to cooling or lighting systems. Once the panels are installed, they provide energy at no cost and with no pollution. In addition, a nonpolluting solution for reducing energy use is a technology known as geothermal heating. To obtain geothermal heat, builders place special pipes below the ground, where temperatures remain constant all year. In the winter, the earth's natural heat can be collected in these pipes, and then transferred into the building's heating system. In the summer,
A different kind of solution to the energy problem is for builders to reduce the amount of energy required in a building. For example, it is possible to cut electricity use noticeably just by improving natural lighting and installing low-energy bulbs. To reduce the amount of fuel that is needed for heating or cooling, builders can also add installations to the walls so that the building stays warmer in winter and cooler in summer. They can also consider the position of the building to take advantage of natural heating and cooling effects of the sun, the wind, and the other buildings nearby. Furthermore, builders can plant trees that help reduce energy use by providing shade in sunny weather and protection from cold wind.
One of the best examples of advanced green building design in the United States is the Genzyme center for Cambridge. Massachusetts. In 2000, the Genzyme company decided to build the most environmentally responsible office building ever made in America. Every aspect of the design and building had to take into account two things: the need for a safe and pleasant workplace for employees and the need to reduce the negative environmental impact.
First, in the building, 75 percent of the building materials were recycled materials. Furthermore, at least half of the building materials came from nearby to use less energy in transport them . Now, special mirrors on the roof bring the sunlight into the center of the building so that most of the employees can work under natural light. The windows in the building can be opened-unlike windows in many American office buildings- so that people can get fresh air. Indoor gardens make the place more pleasant and also help clean the air of pollutants. Above all, the energy use in it has been reduced by 43 percent and water use by 32 percent, compared with other buildings of the same size.
In other parts of the world, several large-scale projects have recently been developed according to green building principles. One of these is in the town of Vauban, Germany, in an area that was once the site of army housing. This site has been completely rebuilt with houses that require 30 percent less energy than conventional houses. These houses are also heated by special nonpolluting systems that run on wood chips, and they are equipped with solar energy panels.
An even larger project is underway in China. The first phase of this project will include houses for 400 families built with solar power, nonpolluting bricks, and recycled wall installation. In a second phase, entire neighborhoods in six cities will be built according to green building principles. And if all goes well, the Chinese government plans to copy these ideas in new neighborhoods all across China. Whether on a small scale or large scale, green building ideas are spreading.
For many, they were viewed as an expensive option for the wealthy, but now individuals, companies, and governments are building to see their benefits. In addition to the fact that they are environmentally friendly, green buildings improve living and working conditions and also save money in the long run.
Decide whether the following statements are True or False and write your answers in the spaces provided.
___________first. Recycled building materials cannot be used by homeowners.
___________2. The green building endeavors in Germany focused on saving energy use.
___________3.The Chinese government has already implemented green building projects in new neighborhoods across China.
___________4.One area of focus for the Genzyme company was the fact that windows in many American office buildings cannot be opened.
___________5. Environmental building methods are now practical means to save money for builders and building owners.
Choose the correct answer and circle the letter of your choice
1.Which statement best describes the overall idea of the passage?
a.The green building movement began because people were worried about pollution.
b.All buildings are generally made so that they will be environment-friendly.
c.Environmental problems are causing serious damage to the world we live in.
d.Green builders are friendlier to the environment than ordinary buildings
2.Environmental building methods___________.
a.now save money for building owners.
b.are now very expensive for building owners.
c.are not practical for building owners now
d.are now considered unrealistic
3.Geothermal building _________________.
a.works through solar panels
b.uses the natural heat of the earth
c.requires a lot of fuel
d.does not work in summer
4.Which one of the following is NOT a way to reduce energy use?
a.using low-energy light bulbs
b.adding installation to the walls
c.making the building larger
d.positioning the building carefully
5You can infer from the passage that green builders
a,have been more stressful with private homes
b,are particularly concerned with lowering energy use
c,have not been successful outside the united states
d.have planted a lot of gardens in their buildings
Find words from the text that match with the following definitions
unlikely (para 2) _________________________________________
very great in size (para 3) __________________________________
reduce, decrease (para 6) ____________________________________
ordinary, common (para 8) _________________________________
expensive (para 10) ________________________________________
Write the words or phrases the following words refer to in the above passage
their ( para 2) _________________________________________________________________
they ( para 2) _______________________________________________________
This ( para 4) _________________________________________________________________
them ( para 3) ________________________________________________________________
these ( para 8) _________________________________________________________________
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