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Traditional Views of Women in Vietnam
In the old days, Vietnamese women used to paint their teeth black after they were married. If a woman reached the age of 18 with her teeth still white she was considered something of an old maid and people said she'd probably have a difficult time finding a husband.
Vietnamese women live by the "four virtues": hard work, beauty, refined speech and excellent conduct. A traditional Vietnamese woman is governed by three basic Confucian tenets: 1) She should submit to her father; 2) She should obey her husband; and 3) If widowed, she should obey her eldest son. Children are not regarded as having rights. Daughters are expected to assist with household chores from an early age; to defer to men; to protect their virginity; and to regard marriage as automatic. Family members are expected to work and behave for the good of the group.
In traditional Vietnamese patriarchal society, woman had limited rights and took a secondary place in family. Brought up according to a strict discipline, they have traditionally been less educated than men and usually did not enter the job market outside the home. "Girls from birth were at a disadvantage". Daughters were not considered necessary to carry on the family lineage. The traditional Vietnamese viewpoint was "If you have a son, you can say you have a descendent. But you cannot say so even if you have ten daughters".
Traditional Roles of Women in Vietnam
Vietnamese women have traditionally been in charge of running the household and controlling the family finances. The woman of the house is referred to as nôi tuong, "General of the Interior." She looks after her in-laws as well as her parents, husband and children. In rural areas, women also do much agricultural work.
After marriage, a woman has traditionally become housewife and mother. She has been expected to be dependent upon her husband, budget his income for the household, take care of children and even grandchildren, and perform all household tasks. According to Muzny, divorce was legal but not common. A wife in an unhappy marriage was discouraged from seeking divorce; rather her family encouraged her to sacrifice and to endure the difficulties of the marriage for the sake of her children.
With the numerous cultures and societies in Vietnam, attitudes toward women and their status fluctuate widely. The farming or village class woman works at hard labor just as does the man. Wearing black pajama bottoms and a short blouse topped by a conical hat of palm leaf with or without its plastic cover she may be seen at hard work everywhere, be it the rice field, the cane patch, the market place or along the streets. Often she is the business-head of the family and operates any financial endeavor which it undertakes. Such a business may be a small store, a mobile sidewalk cafeteria, etc. She is not normally a pedicab operator or a fisherman at sea, although she is often a fishmonger or peddler. Among the Viet Cong she is known to be a crafty and hardy warrior. Some Vietnamese government women have been similarly acclaimed. [Source: The Religions of South Vietnam in Faith and Fact, US Navy, Bureau of Naval Personnel, Chaplains Division ,1967 ++]
Confucius taught that the young woman is subject to paternal authority; as a wife, subject to her husband; and as a widow, to her eldest son. While this may be the theory and outward affectation, the fact is that women play a vital role even though it is obscure. The man may be the head of the house, but the skillful and perceptive wife understands enough practical psychology to have her ideas followed most of the time. Many Vietnamese legends attest to this. When children are small and the husband dies, the widow becomes the head of the household; she performs ancestral worship until the eldest son is old enough to assume this function; she handles property etc. If, however, she remarries, all of her authority over her children and of her husband's property is lost. ++
Source: factsanddetail ; Vietnam-culture
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