các pthh:
$ C_{2}H_{5}OH -------> CH_{2} = CH - CH = CH_{2} + H_{2} +H_{2}O$ (xúc tác: MgO, ZnO, 450&{o}
$ CH_{2} = CH -CH =CH_{2} + Br_{2} ------> Br - CH_{2} - CH - CH_{2} - Br $
$Br - CH_{2} - CH = CH - CH_{2} - Br + 2NaOH ----> HO - CH_{2} - CH = CH - CH_{2} - OH + 2NaBr $
$ HO - CH_2 - CH = CH -Ch_2 - OH + H_2 -----> HO - CH_2 - CH_2 - CH_2 - CH_2 - OH $
$ HO - CH_2 -CH_2 -CH_2 -CH_2 -OH + 2CuO ----> CHO - CH_2 -CH_2 -CHO + 2Cu + 2H_{2}O $
$ CHO - CH_2 -CH_2 -CHO + [Ag(NH3)_{2}] ----> NH_{4}OCO - CH_2 - CH_2 - COONH_4 + NH_3 + Ag +H_{2}O $
$ NH_{4}OOC-CH_2-CH_2-COONH_{4} + 2NaOH --(t*)-> NaOOC-CH_2-CH_2-COONa + 2NH_3+ 2H_{2}O $