bài tập nâng cao tiếng anh 9

B

beng0c_haykh0cnhe17

[TẶNG BẠN] TRỌN BỘ Bí kíp học tốt 08 môn
Chắc suất Đại học top - Giữ chỗ ngay!!

ĐĂNG BÀI NGAY để cùng trao đổi với các thành viên siêu nhiệt tình & dễ thương trên diễn đàn.

available, consequently, distubring, eliminating, even, explains, for example, in, marine, poisons, refers, scattering, too, with.



Environmental pollution is a term that(1)...........to all the ways by with man pollutes his surroundings. Man dirties the air with gases and smoke, (2).......... the water with chemicals and other substances, and damages the soil with (3).......... many fertilizers and pesticides. Man also pollutes his surroundings(4)..........other ways.(5).........., people ruin natural beauty by (6).......... junk and litter on the land and in the water. They operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with (7).......... noise.
Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing mankind today. Air, water, and soil are necessary to the survival of all living things. Badly polluted air can cause illness, and (8).......... death. Polluted water kills fish and other (9).......... life. Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land that is (10).......... for growing foos. Environmental pollution also brings ugliness to man's natural beautiful world.
 
D

diema3

Bài tập nâng cao tiếng anh9

available, consequently, distubring, eliminating, even, explains, for example, in, marine, poisons, refers, scattering, too, with.



Environmental pollution is a term that(1)REFERSto all the ways by with man pollutes his surroundings. Man dirties the air with gases and smoke, (2)FOR EXAMPLEthe water with chemicals and other substances, and damages the soil with (3)ELIMINATINGMany fertilizers and pesticides. Man also pollutes his surroundings(4)WITHother ways.(5)CONSEQUENTLY, people ruin natural beauty by (6)SCATTERING junk and litter on the land and in the water. They operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with (7)DISTURBING noise.
Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing mankind today. Air, water, and soil are necessary to the survival of all living things. Badly polluted air can cause illness, and (8)EVENdeath. Polluted water kills fish and other (9)MARINE. life. Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land that is (10)AVAILABLE for growing foods. Environmental pollution also brings ugliness to man's natural beautiful world.
 
Q

quangson317

Nhìn đi nhìn lại thì các bài đọc của học sinh THCS cũng có thể rèn luyện cho học sinh kỹ năng viết :D
 
L

linhbebe99

Read the following passage , then circlw the correct answer:
"where is the university?" is a question many visitors to Cambridge ask, but no one can give them a clear answer, for there is no wall to be found around the university. The university is the city. You can find the classroom buildings, libraries, museums and officers of the university all over the city. And most of its members are the students and teachers or professors of the thirty-one colleges.
Cambridge was an already developing town long before the first students and teachers arrived 800 yeas ago. It grew up by the river Granta, as the Cam was once called. A bridge was built over the river as early as 875.
In the 14th and 15th centuries more and more land was used for college buildings. The town grew much faster in the 19th century after the opening of the railway in 1845. Cambridge became a city in 1951 and now it has the population of over 100,000. Many young students want to study at Cambridge. Thousands of people from all over the world .
1. Why do most visitors come to Cambridge?
A. to see the university
B.to study in the colleges in Cambridge
C. to find the classroom building
D. to use the libraries of the universities
2. Around what time did the university begin to appear?
A. In the 8th century
B. In the 9th century
C. In the 13th century
D. In the 15th century
3. Why did people name Cambridge the "city of Cambridge"?
A, Because the river was very well - known
B. Because there is a bridge over the Cam.
C. Because it was a developing town
D. Because there is a river named Granta
4. After which year did the town really begin to develope?
A. After 800
B. After 875
C. After 1845
D. After 1951
5. From what we read we know that now Cambridge is
A. visited by international tourists
B. A city without wall
C. a city of growing population
D. a city that may have a wall around it
 
L

linhbebe99

1. Why do most visitors come to Cambridge?

A. to see the university


2. Around what time did the university begin to appear?
D. In the 15th century

3. Why did people name Cambridge the "city of Cambridge"?
D. Because there is a river named Granta

4. After which year did the town really begin to develope?

C. After 1845

5. From what we read we know that now Cambridge is

A. visited by international tourists
 
L

linhbebe99

1.S+be proud of (==)S+pride+oneself+on
ex:mrs scott is proud of her cooking (==)mrs scott prides herself on cooking

2.S+once+past verb // S+present verb(negative)any more (==) S+used to do sth
ex: he doesn’t get up late anymore (==)he used to get…………

3.S+insist on sth//S do not like anything (==)nothing but sth +V
ex:he insist on a full apology (==)nothing but a full apologywould satisfy him

4.S+V+no +noun (==) S +hardly+V+any+N
ex:he does almost no work (==)he hardly does any work

5.S+would rather +V+than+V(==) S+prefer sth to sth (==) S+like….better than

6.S+will +V+and then S+will+V(==)once +S+have+pp, S+will+V
ex: he ‘ll do what he has said (==)once he has said something, he ‘ll do it

7.S+V+Soon(==)it +be +not +long+before+S+V
ex:they soon become mature (==)it is not long before they become mature

8.*S+have +never+V3+such+a+noun (=)this +be+superlative adj +noun+S+have+ever+V3
*S+have +never+V3+comparative adj+noun(==)S+be+superlative adj+S+have+ever+V3
ex:I have never read such a romantic story
(==)this is the most romantic story I have ever read

9.S+pres.perf+for time (==)it’s+time+since+S+pastverb
S+past verb for time (==) it’s time since S+past Verb
S+past verb +ago (==)it’s time +since +S+past V
Ex:the telephone has rung for hours (==) it’s hours since the telephone rang

10.S+have+Ving+for+time(==) S+began+to+V+time+ago
how long is it since S+past verb (==)when did +S+V
S+haven’t been to a place (==)it be one’s first visit to a place
 
L

linhbebe99

Viết lại câu sử dụng từ cho sẵn
1.The fire in the library was discovered by a student.(who)
= >It..........................the fire in the library.
2.Gerald is too young to vote.(old)
=>Gerald.....................vote.
3."Do fast car interest you?"the dealer asked Sarah.(was)
=>the dealer asked Sarah...................fast cars.
4.My brother really wishes he could sing well.(able)
=>My brother regrets not.......................well.
5.Maria said I had caused the accident.(blamed)
=>Maria...........................the accident.
6.James did not need to register for the new course.(necesary)
=>It.................................to register for the new course.
7.She never finishes her work on time although she works hard.(matter)
=>she never finishes her work on time..............................she works.
8.There haven't been many chages in this town since I last visited it.(much)
=>Since my last............................has changed in this town.
9.Hardly anybody applied for the job.(applicant)
=>There were very..........................the job.
10.Luisa does a full-time job and looks after the house too.(well)
=>Luisa does a full-time job....................the house.
 
L

linhbebe99

1.Before he came here ,he worked for Mr.Smith.(previous)
2.His critisms are quite unfair .(justification)
3.I can't understand why they are reluctant to sign the contract.(baffle )
4.You can't possibly expect me to have supper ready by 8 o'clock.(question)
5.Please excuse Jane's poor typing ,she's only been learning for a month.(allowances)
6.If Smith hadn't broken his leg ,he would have played football for England.(represented)
 
L

linhbebe99

1.Before he came here ,he worked for Mr.Smith.(previous)
- His previous employer was Mr. Smith
2.His critisms are quite unfair .(justification)
- There is no justification for his criticisms
3.I can't understand why they are reluctant to sign the contract.(baffle )
- their reluctances to sign the contract buffle me
4.You can't possibly expect me to have supper ready by 8 o'clock.(question)
- It is out of question for me to have supper ready by 8 o'clock
5.Please excuse Jane's poor typing ,she's only been learning for a month.(allowances)
- Please make allowances for Jane's poor typing, she's...
6.If Smith hadn't broken his leg ,he would have played football for England.(represented)
- If smith hadn't broken his leg, he would have represented england

KEYS
 
L

linhbebe99

bài tập ngữ pháp cơ bản(cùng thử sức nè)
I) simple past. supply the correct of the verbs in the brackẹt

1. the man(take)_______my wallet yesterday.
2. I(meet)___________that man in the market last mọnth
3. she(buy)__________some food yesterday.
4. Nam(not go)_________to school last week because he(be)_______ịll
5. she(be)__________here yesterday.
6. the dog(bart)_________a lot last nịght
7. he(not see)___________this film last nịght
8._________you(repair)_________the car by yourself?
9. __________she(be)___________interested in history when she( be)________in high school?
10. I(not be)__________here last week.

II) past continuous. supply the corect form of the verbs in the bracket.

1. she(work)________all day yesterday.
2. he(sit)___________in a cafe at this time yesterday.
3. at this time last month, my family( visit)_________Ha Long Bạy
4. the workers( not work)_________at this time last month because of the bad weather.
5. the Children(play)__________noisily when their father came homẹ

III) past continuous and simple past. supply the correct from of the verbs in the bracket.

1. I (read)________the book when she(come)________
2. when I (get)________in, she (cook)________dinner in the kitchen.
3. white my mother (whach)_______televison, my father (clean)_____the floor.
4. the teacher (explain)________the lesson when the lights (go)_____out.
5. I (read)_________this book last month.
6. he (drive)________very fast when the accident (happen)_______
7. I (study) __________an English course at this time last year.
8. white she (have)_________a bath, her husband (prepare)_______dinner.
9. I (start)_______learning French in 2007
10. we (have)_________a birthday party in the garden when it (start)______to rain



Iv ).Present pertect – supply the correct from of the verbs in the bracket

1. I (already meet)_______this man.
2. She ( just come)________back from japan
3. _________you (ever see)______this film ?
4. I don’t know where to go now. I think I (lose)______my way
5. He (retum)_______to his hometown recently.
6. The secretary (make)_______many mistakes so far
7. I (work) ________as a taxi drive since I (be) _______ten
8. The porter (bring)_______my luggage here
9. _________you (just have)__________a mechanic repair your lorry ?
10. The air-hostess (announce)____________ the estimated time several times.
11. I( not make) __________up my mind yet
12. She( not finish)__________her homework


v) .Past perfect and simple past. Supply the correct from of the verbs in the bracket.

1. She (phone)_______her mother before she came home.
2. I (buy)_________some books before I (decide) _____to leave for home.
3. It (start)______raining after I (find)_________out a shelter
4. After she (finish)_______her work, she (go)________home immediately
5. Before she (go)_______to bed, she (take)_______an aspirin
6. I (read)_________this book last summer
7. My father (be)______a soldier before 1975
8. By the time everybody (leave)_______the party, the cake (be)_______cut
9. After she (buy)________a new car, she (decide)________to sell her motorbike
10. The train (leave)_________the station when I came. So I had to wait for the next one

vI) .Present perfect and simple past. Supple the correct from of the verbs in the brackets

1. When I was a child, I (usually spend)___________hours swimming in the river in the village
2. I (already finish)_________my hommework
3. I (finish)__________my homework two hours ago
4. She (do)___________her homework since7 o’clock
5. I (take)_________part in a lot of social activities when I studied in high school
6. The children (visit)__________the zoo several times
7. How long____________you (learn)__________English ?
8. I (start)____________learning English two one week ago
9. I (learn)__________English for a week
10. The price of gold (go)_________up for the last few years

VII).Simple present and simple future

1. She (have)_______a holiday on Da Lat next year
2. Mary (always wash)____________her hands before meals
3. The doctor (come)_________in twenty minutes
4. I (give)_________the book to you when I (finish)_____reading it tomorrow
5. When she ( arrive)_________at the station, I (pick)_______her up
6. What________you (do)______when you (grow)_______up, my boy ?
7. Wait here until I (call)______your name
8. _________our life (be)__________better in the year 2030 ?
9. If I have enough money, I (buy)_______a house in the city center
10. I (not do)__________that work tomorrow.
 
L

linhbebe99

I) simple past. supply the correct of the verbs in the brackẹt

1. the man(take)___took____my wallet yesterday.
2. I(meet)____met_______that man in the market last mọnth
3. she(buy)______bought____some food yesterday.
4. Nam(not go)___didn't go______to school last week because he(be)___was____ịll
5. she(be)_____was_____here yesterday.
6. the dog(bart)___barked______a lot last nịght
7. he(not see)______didn't see_____this film last nịght
8.______Did___you(repair)___repaired______the car by yourself?
9. _____Was_____she(be)___________interested in history when she( be)____was____in high school?
10. I(not be)___wasn't_______here last week.

II) past continuous. supply the corect form of the verbs in the bracket.

1. she(work)__was working______all day yesterday.
2. he(sit)____was sitting_______in a cafe at this time yesterday.
3. at this time last month, my family( visit)___was visiting______Ha Long Bạy
4. the workers( not work)___weren't working______at this time last month because of the bad weather.
5. the Children(play)__were playing________noisily when their father came home
III) past continuous and simple past. supply the correct from of the verbs in the bracket.

1. I (read)__was reading______the book when she(come)_____came___
2. when I (get)___got_____in, she (cook)__was cooking______dinner in the kitchen.
3. white my mother (whach)_was_watching_____televison, my father (clean)_was cleaning____the floor.
4. the teacher (explain)__was explaining______the lesson when the lights (go)_gone____out.
5. I (read)___was reading______this book last month.
6. he (drive)____was driving____very fast when the accident (happen)_happened______
7. I (study) ____was studying______an English course at this time last year.
8. white she (have)___was having______a bath, her husband (prepare)__was prepare_____dinner.
9. I (start)___stared____learning French in 2007
10. we (have)_____were having____a birthday party in the garden when it (start)__started____to rain



Iv ).Present pertect – supply the correct from of the verbs in the bracket

1. I (already meet)___have already met____this man.
2. She ( just come)__has just come______back from japan
3. _____Have____you (ever see)__ever seen____this film ?
4. I don’t know where to go now. I think I (lose)__have lost____my way
5. He (retum)___has returned____to his hometown recently.
6. The secretary (make)___has made____many mistakes so far
7. I (work) __have worked______as a taxi drive since I (be) __was_____ten
8. The porter (bring)___have brought____my luggage here
9. _______Have__you (just have)__just had________a mechanic repair your lorry ?
10. The air-hostess (announce)_____has announced_______ the estimated time several times.
11. I( not make) __haven't made________up my mind yet
12. She( not finish)_____hasn't finished_____her homework
 
L

linhbebe99

Phonetic
PRONUNCIATION AND PHONETICS EXERCISE

Write the phonetic transcription of the words spelled the same in each sentence. If you know how to pronounce the word, try to write the transcription and check in a dictionary that you wrote it correctly. If you do not know the second pronunciation, look it up and write it down. Be prepared to say the sentence correctly. Mark the stressed syllables and the unstressed syllables in each line.

1) The bandage was wound around the wound.
___________ _____________

2) The farm was used to produce produce.
___________ _____________

3) The dump was so full that it had to refuse more refuse.
___________ _____________
4) We must polish the Polish furniture.
___________ ______________
5) He could lead if he would get the lead out.

___________ ______________
6) The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert.
___________ _________ _________
7) Since there is no time like the present, he thought it was time to present the present.
___________ __________
8) A bass was painted on the head of the bass drum.
____________ ____________
9) When shot at, the dove dove into the bushes.
____________ ____________
10) I did not object to the object.
____________ ____________

11) The insurance was invalid for the invalid.
____________ ____________
12) There was a row among the oarsmen about how to row.
___________ ____________
13) They were too close to the door to close it.
____________ ____________

14) The buck does funny things when the does are present.
____________ ____________
15) A seamstress and a sewer fell down into a sewer line.
____________ ____________
16)To help with planting, the farmer taught his sow to sow.
____________ _____________
17) The wind was too strong to wind the sail.
____________ _____________

18) After a number of injections my jaw got number.
____________ _____________

19) Upon seeing the tear in the painting I shed a tear.
____________ _____________
20) I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.
____________ _____________
21) How can I intimate this to my most intimate friend?
____________ _____________
 
L

linhbebe99

Khái niệm cơ bản: Trước hết ta định nghĩa một số thuật ngữ người Mỹ dùng chỉ những bộ phận của khuôn mặt dùng vào nói tiếng Anh:

Thuật ngữ: alveolar ridge (tính từ của nó là alveolar): chỉ phần vòm họng kề với răng

lips (tính từ labial) : môi

teeth (tính từ dental ): răng

hard palate (tính từ: palatal) : phần tiếp theo của vòm họng, cứng

soft palate hay velum (tính từ velar): phần sau của vòm họng, mềm

tongue (tính từ: lingua) : lưỡi

nasal cavity (tính từ: nasal) : đường ống từ miệng lên mũi

glottis (tính từ: glottal): đây là từ chỉ bộ phận quan trọng nhất cho việc phát âm. Bộ phận này nằm ngay cần cổ và thật sự là một vòng tròn. Trên vòng tròn đó có 2 màn mỏng (membrane), bình thường tách ra, nhưng khi ta nói thì hai màng mỏng này khép lại, không khí đi xuyên qua lỗ hở tạo dao động (vibration) từ đó phát ra âm thanh.

Ví dụ: Nguyên âm p đựoc gọi là labial stop voicedless. Đièu này có nghĩa là muốn phát âm p thì phải chận luồng không khí tại vị trí alveolar, một cách hoàn toàn (stop) , và không phát ra âm thanh (voicedless). Phần sau sẽ nói rõ hơn làm cách nào thực hiện được như vậy.

Dưới đây sẽ trình bày một số điểm trong phát âm tiếng Anh.

1) Phân biệt voice và voicedless như thế nào?

Có những cặp từ tiếng Anh mà khi phát âm thì lưỡi miệng,…có cùng vị trí, chỉ khác nhau ở voice hay là voicedless. Chẳng hạn như p/b, t/d… (xem thêm trong link ở trên).

Câu hỏi đặt ra là voicedless, nghĩa là không có âm, thì làm sao ta phát âm?

Vân đề là như sau: Khi chúng ta phát âm bình thường trong tiếng Việt thì hầu như mọi từ có thể xem như là voice trong tiếng Anh. Do đó khi người Việt phát âm chữ t, thì thường người Mỹ sẽ nghe giống như d.

Làm cách nào người Mỹ phát âm những âm voicedless? Trả lời: Đối với những âm voicedless thì người Mỹ dùng hơi thở để phát âm. Tức là không phát ra âm nhưng dùng luồng khí để tạo ra âm.

2) Từ tiếng Anh thường dài, làm cách nào họ đọc một từ tiếng Anh?

Trả lời: Chẳng hạn xét từ iteration. Khi người Mỹ đọc họ sẽ cắt nó ra thành nhữn phần nhỏ, mỗi phần thông thường có một phụ âm và một nguyên âm để dọc. Chẳng hạn từ trên sẽ được tách ra thành it-ter-ra-tion. Cho chi tiết chính xác từ nào được tách ra thế nào thì hãy xem từ điển.
Một câu hỏi thường gặp là tại sao người Mỹ nói nhanh như vậy? Chúng ta chỉ cần nhớ những từ sau khi nói tiếng Mỹ: thought group and focus word, linking, -ed and -s. Cuối cùng là convenience.

3) Thought group and focus word: Trước khi nêu định nghĩa và thực hành về thought group and focus word, tôi cho một ví dụ về thế nào là thought group: Xét đoạn văn sau

For example, if one note has a frequency of 400 Hz, the note an octave above it is at 800 Hz, and the note an octave below is at 200 Hz. The ratio of frequencies of two notes an octave apart is therefore 2:1. Further octaves of a note occur at 2n times the frequency of that note (where n is an integer), such as 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. and the reciprocal of that series. For example, 50 Hz and 400 Hz are one and two octaves away from 100 Hz because they are (or 2 − 1) and 4 (or 22) times the frequency, respectively. However, 300 Hz is not a whole number octave above 100 Hz, despite being a harmonic of 100 Hz.

Đoạn trên có thể chia ra làm thought groups bởi nhữnh dấu /, và focus word (để giữa hai dấu ) như sau (tôi không biết làm cách nào để sử dụng hiệu ứng của Microsoft Word ở đây):

[For example]/ if one [note] [has] a [frequency] of [400] Hz/ the note [an] octave [above] it is at [800] Hz/ and the note an octave [below] is at [200] Hz/ The [ratio] of frequencies of two notes [an] octave [apart]/ is [therefore] [2:1]. [Further] octaves of a note [occur] at [2^n] [times] the frequency of that note/ (where n is an [integer])/, [such as] [2],/ [4],/ [8],/ [16],/ etc./ [and] the [reciprocal] of that [series]./ [For example],/ 50 Hz and 400 Hz [are] [one] and [two] octaves [away] from 100 Hz/ [because] they are ½ (or 2^1) and 4 (or 2^2) times the frequency, /[respectively]./ [However],/ [300] Hz is [not] a [whole number] octave above 100 Hz, /[despite] being a [harmonic] of 100 Hz.

3a) Định nghĩa thought group:

Thought group la một nhóm các từ, thường có đủ nghĩa, có chủ từ và động từ. Một số dấu hiệu để nhận thấy bắt đầu thought groups là:

_Sau những dấu câu như chấm hỏi ngã nặng…Lý do vì sao thì dễ thấy

_Sau những transition words như: and, or, however, but…Lý do là vì những từ này có thể bắt đầu một ý khác

_Mệnh đề tính từ (sau “that”)…

Chẳng hạn ta xét đoạn sau:

After the unison, the octave is the simplest interval in music. The human ear tends to hear both notes as being essentially “the same”. For this reason, notes an octave apart are given the same note name in the Western system of music notation—the name of a note an octave above A is also A. This is called octave equivalency, and is closely related to harmonics. This is similar to enharmonic equivalency, and less so transpositional equivalency and, less still, inversional equivalency, the latter of which is generally used only in counterpoint, musical set theory, or atonal theory. Thus all C♯s, or all 1s (if C=0), in any octave are part of the same pitch class. Octave equivalency is a part of most musics, but is far from universal in “primitive” and early music (e.g., Nettl, 1956; Sachs & Kunst, 1962). However, monkeys experience octave equivalency, and its biological basis apparently is an octave mapping of neurons in the auditory thalamus of the mammalian brain [1] and the perception of octave equivalency in self-organizing neural networks can form through exposure to pitched notes, without any tutoring, this being derived from the acoustical structure of those notes (Bharucha 2003, cited in Fineberg 2006).

Có thể phân nó thành thought groups như sau:

After the unison,/ the octave is the simplest interval in music./ The human ear tends to hear both notes/ as being essentially “the same”./ For this reason,/ notes an octave apart are given the same note name in the Western system of music notation/—the name of a note an octave above A is also A/. This is called octave equivalency,/ and is closely related to harmonics./ This is similar to enharmonic equivalency,/ and less so transpositional equivalency/ and, less still,/ inversional equivalency,/ the latter of which is generally used only in counterpoint,/ musical set theory,/ or atonal theory./ Thus all C♯s,/ or all 1s /(if C=0)/, in any octave are part of the same pitch class./ Octave equivalency is a part of most musics,/ but is far from universal in “primitive” and early music/ (e.g., Nettl, 1956; Sachs & Kunst, 1962)/. However,/ monkeys experience octave equivalency,/ and its biological basis apparently is an octave mapping/ of neurons in the auditory thalamus of the mammalian brain [1]/ and the perception of octave equivalency in self-organizing neural networks/ can form through exposure to pitched notes,/ without any tutoring,/ this being derived from the acoustical structure of those notes /(Bharucha 2003, cited in Fineberg 2006)./

Rule 1: Cố gắng đọc một cách liên tục những từ trong cùng một thought group.

Rule 2: Đừng chia talk groups ngắn quá (làm người nghe cảm thấy câu văn trúc trắc), hay dài quá (vì bạn phải có đủ hơi để đọc một mạch)

Rule 3: Nên có một khoảng ngừng ngắn khi kết thúc một thought group

Rule 4: có một số cấu trúc song song như A and B, C and D thì không nên chọn thought group bắt đầu từ “and”

Rule 5: bạn có thể chọn thought group linh hoạt theo ý bạn

3b) Focus word: Focus word là những từ mang ý nghĩa chính của một thought group. Có thể nói như sau: Nếu trong một đoạn văn bạn bỏ hết các từ khác, chỉ giữ lại focus word thì người nghe vẫn hiểu được.

Những từ thường là focus word là:

_Động từ

_Tính từ

_Transition word (như and, but, however…)

_Những danh từ xuất hiện lần đầu

_Từ phản thân (them-self…)

Ví dụ trong đoạn trên nếu chỉ giữ lại focus words thì như sau

After unison,/ octave simplest interval music./ human ear tends hear both notes/ as being essentially “same”./ For this reason,/ notes octave apart given same name Western system notation/—name note an octave above also/. called equivalency,/ and closely related harmonics./ similar enharmonic,/ and less so transpositional/ and, less still,/ inversional,/ latter generally used only counterpoint,/ musical set theory,/ or atonal/ Thus all C♯s,/ or all /(if C=0)/, any octave part same pitch class./ Octave equivalency part most musics,/ but far from universal “primitive” and early/ (e.g., Nettl, 1956; Sachs & Kunst, 1962)/. However,/ monkeys experience,/ and its biological basis apparently an octave mapping/ neurons auditory thalamus mammalian brain / and perception of octave self-organizing neural networks/ can form exposure pitched notes,/ without any tutoring,/ being derived acoustical structure those notes /(Bharucha 2003, cited in Fineberg 2006)./

Rule: nhấn mạnh focus word bằng cách đọc to hơn…so với những từ khác
 
L

linhbebe99

Trình bày rõ hơn về các âm tiếng Anh:

1. Consonants

a. Làm sao phát âm một âm Stop (gồm p/b,t/d,k/g)?

Theo định nghĩa thì: Stop là “the air flow moves, then stop, then moves again”. Như vậy để đọc chữ p thì cho luồng hơi di chuyển, nhưng trước khi luồng hơi ra khỏi miệng thì ngừng lại một chút, rồi cho luồng hơi di chuyển trở lại.

b) Fricative (f/v,s/z,h và thêm 4 âm klhác nhưng tôi không biết cách nào để viết): luồng hơi cũng bị chận lại nhưng không hoàn toàn như stop, do đó tạo ra âm thanh giống như tiếng ồn (noisy)

c) Affricative (tS, dZ): là kết hợp giữa stop và ffricative. Sở dĩ như vậy là vì 2 âm thuộc về loại này gồm một âm stop + 1 âm fricative. Chẳng hạn như tS (giống như âm ch) của Việt Nam, là gồm một âm stop (t)+1 âm fricative (S). Âm còn lại là dZ gần giống âm tr của Việt Nam. Cách đọc là đọc âm t rồi sau đó đọc âm S. điểm khác biệt giữa âm tS và âm ch Việt Nam là: âm tS có thêm luồng hơi, trong khi đó người Việt Nam khi phát âm ch thì không có thêm luồng hơi phát ra.

Việc óhat ra luồng hơi là rất quan trọng: nếu bạn đọc âm k(voicedless) mà không có luồng hơi phát ra thì người Mỹ sẽ nghĩ dó là âm g (voiced).

2. Vowels:

Vowels được chia ra theo 3 tiêu chí:

High/mid/low: Tiêu chí này dựa theo khi bạn phát âm thì vị trí của gò mà (jaw) là cao hay thấp. chẳng hạn âm i trong beat thì tương ứng với high. Chú ý là nếu jaw là high thì moth is fairly closed, trong khi nếu jaw là low thì mouth là fairly open.

Tense/lax: Tiêu chi này được dựa trên độ căng của mặt và cổ.
Tense means face and neck are tight, while Lax means face and neck are relax. Dựa vào tiêu chí này phân biệt i trong beat và i trong bit.

Front/central/back: Tiêu chí này dựa trên vị trí lưỡi cũa bạn. Tuy nhiên theo lời của giáo sư Anh văn của tôi thì tiêu chí này không quan trọng.

Gợi ý về tài liệu: Một tài liệu tốt để học Anh văn là cuốn sách Accuracy English.

Hint: Khi bạn bắt đầu tập nói tiếng Anh hãy chọn những đoạn văn tiếng Anh, chia nó ra thành thought groups và focus word rồi đọc. Nghe thêm những đoạn đọc trong trang web sau:

http://www.americanrhetoric.com/
Âm dài là âm khi đọc sẽ kéo dài hơn âm ngắn .Trong ký hiệu phiên âm quốc tế âm dài sẽ có thếm dấu hai chấm :
Một số nguyên âm có phân biệt dài ngắn là :
I dài và i ngắn :
i dài thường rơi vào các chổ có 2 nguyên âm như : ea,ee, (meat,heat,meet ,seat...)
i ngắn thường chỉ rơi vào một nguyên âm i mà thôi (sit,hit,rid ..)
a dài và a ngắn :
a ngắn :rơi vào các chữ a : ( hat,man,cat,can...)
a dài : thừong có r đi sau: (are, farm , park, ....)
o dài và o ngắn :
1. /o/ : đọc như âm ót trong tiếng Việt
Cách nhận dạng :
+ Gần như tất cả các chữ o mà phía sau có một phụ âm
hot,not,box,job ....
+ ngoại lệ :
A đọc /o/ : watch ,what,quaatity...
- au đọc /o/ : because,sausage ..
- ow đọc /o/ : knowledge
2. /o:/ : đọc o tròn miệng
Cách nhận dạng
- or : horse
- oar : board
- aw : saw ,lawn
- au : daughter
ngoại lệ :
- a : all ,water
- ar : warm,quarter
- oor : door ,floor
- our : four ,court,
- ou : bought
Nói đến nguyên âm dài và nguyên âm ngắn tức nói đến cách phiên âm, cách đọc của các kí tự trong tiếng anh đó bạn(nôm na là vậy)
Nguyên âm dài thì khi đọc sẽ được ngân dài ra, còn nguyên âm ngắn thì đọc ngắn gọn, ko có hơi ra
VD:+hit /hit/ (đọc là hít ngắn gọn ko có hơi ra)
eat /i:t/(đọc i và ít liền nhau)
+book/buk/ (đọc buc c/
boot/bu:t/(đọc bu út lièn nhau)

Nói chung có khoảng 13 kí hiệu phiên âm các nguyen âm như:

[i:]
[e]

[u:]
[a:]
[o]
[^](vd :com, đọc là khơ-ăm liền nhau)
và những kí hiệu khác thì tớ ko viết ra đây đc vì ko có kí hiệu đó trên bàn phím, mình chỉ có thẻ đưa ra 1 vài từ chứa các phiên âm đó, bạn có thể tra từ điẻn để xem các kí hiệu này:
- ago (chính là kí hiệu của chữ a, đây là âm ơ ngắn)
- first ( chính là kí hiệu của chữ i, đây là âm ơ dài )
-hat ( chính là kí hiệu của chữ a, đọc là ha-ét lièn nhau)
-not (chính là kí hiệu của chữ o ngắn)
-floor( chính là kí hiệu của oo, đây là âm o dài)
Dấu : là kí hiệu cho ta biết đó là nguyên âm dài và khi đọc phải kéo dài
Chú y': giữa 2 âm o ngắn và o dài, thì o ngắn đc phát âm ra hơi có a 1 chút, vd: bottle, ta đọc là bo-át-tôn l , còn o dài thì hoàn toàn đọc o rồi kéo dài

Cách đánh trọng âm
1. từ có hai âm tiết
- hầu hết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết một
- nếu âm tiết 1 là 1 tiền tố thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết hai
ex: behind, prolong
- nếu là verb thì thường là trọng âm hai, nếu từ đó có 1 nguyên âm dài hc nguyên âm đôi ( trừ “әu”) hc kết thúc bằng 2 phụ âm trở lên
- ngoài ra trọng âm thường đánh vào nguyên âm dài và nguyên âm đôi, trừ ә và uә
- thường đc đánh ở đầu nếu từ đó kết thúc là “y”
- đôi khi trọng âm thay đổi theo từ loại của chúng
2. từ có 3 âm tiết
- trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết “ee”, “eer”
- nếu là verb:
trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết 3 nếu:
+ nó có một nguyên âm dài hc một nguyên âm đôi
+ nó kết thúc bằng hai phụ âm trở lên
còn lại là trọng âm 2
- nếu là noun, adj, adv
trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết 1 hc 2
+ trọng âm 1 nếu âm tiết cuối cùng và âm tiết 2 chứa 1 nguyên âm ngắn và kết thúc bằng 1 phụ âm.
+ trọng âm 2 nếu âm tiết cuối cùng có 1 nguyên âm ngắn, âm tiết 2 có một nguyên âm dài, nguyên âm đôi hc từ đó kết thúc bằng 2 phụ âm trở lên
- các từ đc thêm tiền tố hc hậu tố thì trọng âm ở từ gốc
3. từ có tận cùng là “ion, ic(s)” thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trc’ nó.
4. tận cùng là “ cy, ty, phy, gy, al” trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thức ba từ phải sang.
5. từ có 4 âm tiết trở lên, thường có 2 trọng âm : chính, phụ.
6. danh từ ghép: hầu hết trọng âm chính rơi vào âm tiết 1
+ tính từ ghép có từ đầu tiên là tính từ hc trạng từ thì trọng âm hai
+ còn lại phần lớn tính từ ghép có trọng âm 1
+ các adv và verb ghép thường có trọng âm hai.

EXERCISES
1/ a. school b. scot c. scienve d.scar
2/ a,think b. this c. mother d. the
3/ a. cat b. ceiling c. nice d. centre
4. a. enough b. cough c. though d. rough
5. a. who b. where c. when d. which
 
L

linhbebe99

Thử sức với Phonetic qua bài thơ này nha!!!




When the English tongue we speak
Why is break not rhymed with weak?
Won't you tell me why It's true
We say sew, but also few ?
And the maker of a verse
Cannot rhyme his horse with worse ?
Beard is not the same as heard,
Cord is different from word,
Cow is cow, but low is low
Shoe is never rhymed with foe.
Think of hose and dose and lose,
And think of goose and yet of choose,
Think of comb and tomb and bomb,
Doll and roll and home and some.
And since pay is rhymed with say,
Why not paid with said I pray ?
Think of blood and food and good;
Mould is not pronounced like could.
Why is done, but gone and lone
Is there any reason know?
To sum it up, it seems to me
That sounds and letters don't agree.
 
L

linhbebe99

Chúng ta cùng dịch bài này sang tiếng Việt
In countries like Niger and Mauritania, the cultivation of land has changed little in the past several centuries. Additionally, these countries’ mono-modal rainfall pattern brings precipitation for only three months during the year. As a result, food production doesn’t nearly meet demand.
Several agencies and organization have intensified their efforts to increase the productivity of land in these countries. They have introduced new strains of seed, improved irrigation techniques, and introduced new methods of fertilization and soil management. With ample sunlight for photosynthesis and modern irrigation techniques, sustainable farming techniques should allow farmers to boost aggregate production in order to meet demand.
Still, crop revitalization faces an unexpected adversary: institutional incompetence. Where crop specialists have convinced individual farmers to abandon old farming techniques in place of new, they can’t readily obtain the governmental cooperation they need. The biggest hurdles are political corruption, incompetence, and the absence of marketing infrastructure.
 
L

linhbebe99

Chúng ta cùng dịch bài này sang tiếng Việt

In countries like Niger and Mauritania, the cultivation of land has changed little in the past several centuries. Additionally, these countries’ mono-modal rainfall pattern brings precipitation for only three months during the year. As a result, food production doesn’t nearly meet demand.

Ở những quốc gia như Nigeria và Mauritania, việc canh tác đất nông nghiệp có sự chuyển biến rất nhỏ trong vài thế kỉ qua. Những quốc gia này có lượng mưa rất thấp, và mưa chỉ 3 tháng trong một năm. Vì vậy sản lượng lương thực gần như không đáp ứng được nhu cầu sử dụng.

Several agencies and organization have intensified their efforts to increase the productivity of land in these countries. They have introduced new strains of seed, improved irrigation techniques, and introduced new methods of fertilization and soil management. With ample sunlight for photosynthesis and modern irrigation techniques, sustainable farming techniques should allow farmers to boost aggregate production in order to meet demand.

Một số cơ quan và tổ chức đã rất nỗ lực nhằm làm tăng hiệu quả đất canh tác ở những quốc gia này. Họ đã đưa vào các hạt giống mới, nâng cao kĩ thuật tưới tiêu, và giới thiệu các kĩ thuật chăm bón và phương pháp quản lí đất đai. Một lượng ánh sáng mặt trời lớn thuận lợi cho quá trình quang hợp cùng với kĩ thuật tưới tiêu hiện đại và các kĩ thuật nông nghiệp bền vững đã giúp người nông dân tăng sản lượng để đáp ứng nhu cầu tiêu dùng.

Still, crop revitalization faces an unexpected adversary: institutional incompetence. Where crop specialists have convinced individual farmers to abandon old farming techniques in place of new, they can’t readily obtain the governmental cooperation they need. The biggest hurdles are political corruption, incompetence, and the absence of marketing infrastructure

Tuy nhiên, quá trình đổi mới này vẫn phải đối mặt với một vấn đề, đó là trình độ pháp lí yếu kém của các quốc gia này. Khi các chuyên gia nông nghiệp vận động người dân từ bỏ các kĩ thuật canh tác cũ để áp dụng kĩ thuật mới, thì họ lại không nhận được sự hợp tác của chính phủ như họ mong đợi. Rào cản lớn nhất vẫn là tham nhũng, trình độ chính trị non nớt, và sự yếu kém trong khâu tiếp thị sản phẩm.
 
L

linhbebe99

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865), was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis—the American Civil War—preserving the Union while ending slavery and promoting economic and financial modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives but failed in two attempts at a seat in the United States Senate. He was an affectionate, though often absent, husband and father of four children.
After deftly opposing the expansion of slavery in the United States in his campaign debates and speeches, Lincoln secured the Republican nomination and was elected president in 1860. Following declarations of secession by southern slave states, war began in April 1861, and he concentrated on both the military and political dimensions of the war effort, seeking to reunify the nation. He vigorously exercised unprecedented war powers, including the arrest and detention without trial of thousands of suspected secessionists. He prevented British recognition of the Confederacy by skillfully handling the Trent affair late in 1861. He issued his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoted the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, abolishing slavery.
Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including the commanding general Ulysses S. Grant. He brought leaders of various factions of his party into his cabinet and pressured them to cooperate. Under his leadership, the Union took control of the border slave states at the start of the war and tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond. Each time a general failed, Lincoln substituted another until finally Grant succeeded in 1865. An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state, he reached out to War Democrats and managed his own re-election in the 1864 presidential election.
As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican party, Lincoln came under attack from all sides. Radical Republicans wanted harsher treatment of the South, War Democrats desired more compromise, and Copperheads despised him—not to mention irreconcilable secessionists in reconquered areas. Politically Lincoln fought back with patronage, by pitting his opponents against each other, and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory. His Gettysburg Address of 1863 became the most quoted speech in American history. It was an iconic statement of America's dedication to the principles of nationalism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy. At the close of the war, Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to speedily reunite the nation through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness. However, just six days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee, Lincoln was shot and killed by Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. His death marked the first assassination of a U.S. president. Lincoln has been consistently ranked by scholars as one of the greatest U.S. presidents.
TRANSLATE
 
L

linhbebe99

1: ________ Giant Ape Man, our biggest and probably one of our first human ancestors, was just about the size of a male gorilla.
(a): It is believed that
(b): That it is
(c): That is believed
(d): That believing
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2: The strongest dump trucks work in rock quarries, ________ tons of rocks and soil at one time.
(a): that they move
(b): they move
(c): where they move
(d): which they move
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3: Poison oak generates irritating poisons ________ even if people merely brush against the plants.
(a): they can affect people
(b): that can affect people
(c): what can effect people
(d): which do they affect
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4: The mechanic told the car owner that he should not ________ the car over 50 miles per hour.
(a): driving
(b): drive
(c): have drive
(d): had driven
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5: The commitee decided to award ________ a prize even though he didn't win.
(a): he
(b): him the contestant
(c): his contestant
(d): the contestant
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6: ________ the last lunar eclipse lasting longer than any this century, we were able to try out our new telescope.
(a): While
(b): In
(c): During
(d): As
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7: Since Elizabeth Barrett Browning's father never approved of ________ Robert Browning, the couple eloped to Italy where they lived and wrote.
(a): her to marry
(b): her marrying
(c): she marrying
(d): she to marry
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8: Not until the mid-nineteenth century ________ achieve recognition.
(a): had El Greco's work
(b): did El Greco's work
(c): El Greco's work
(d): El Greco's work did
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9: ________ their territories but rather than fight, they howl.
(a): Wolves protectively jealous
(b): Jealous of wolves
(c): Protection of wolves
(d): Wolves jealously protect
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10: The TOEFL examination ________ by the year 2000.
(a): completely revised
(b): is revised completely
(c): is to be revised completely
(d): completely is to revise
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11: Henry Ford revolutionized production management by ________ into small steps on a moving line.
(a): breaking down auto assembly
(b): broken down auto assembly
(c): he broke down auto assembly
(d): auto assembly breaking down
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12: Unemployment compensation is money to support an unemployed person while he or she is looking for ________ .
(a): job
(b): a job
(c): works
(d): a work
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13: Many chemicals react ________ in acid solutions.
(a): more quick
(b): more quickly
(c): quicklier
(d): as quickly more
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14: When Jacqueline Kennedy was first lady, she collected many beautiful antiques and ________ them among the original pieces in the White House.
(a): sat
(b): set
(c): sit
(d): sits
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15: Of all the cities in Texas, ________.
(a): that San Antonio is probably the most picturesque
(b): San Antonio is probably the most picturesque
(c): probably San Antonio the most picturesque
(d): probably San Antonio the most picturesque
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

16: ________ peaches are classified as freestone or clingstone depends on how difficult it is to remove the pit.
(a): The
(b): About
(c): Whether
(d): Scientifically
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

17: The gila monster is ________ poisonous lizards found in North America.
(a): few
(b): the one
(c): one of the few
(d): of the one few
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18: ________ cockroach is the pest most in need of eradication is generally agreed upon by housing authorities everywhere.
(a): When the
(b): It is the
(c): That the
(d): The
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19: The flamingo uses its bill ________ feeding to filter mud and water from the tiny plants and animals it finds in shallow ponds.
(a): when
(b): is
(c): that it is
(d): was
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20: Researchers have recently confirmed ________ Pygmies are missing an insulinlike growth factor.
(a): and that
(b): so that
(c): because
(d): that
DIFFICULT
 
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linhbebe99

I. PronunciationChọn từ có cách phát âm chữ cái trong ngoặc đơn khác với những từ khác)
Ví dụ:light bicycle like picnic (i)

1. ride bike like winter (i)
2.cold hot go video (o)
3.weather repeat season read (ea)
4.play make fall always (a)
5. basketball answer question season (s)
6. when volleyball never question (e)
7. head heavy weak breakfast (ea)
8. glass gram fat sandwich (a)
9. movies go clothes stove (o)
10.plays jogs likes swims (s)
11.book food boot zoo (oo)
12.theater with three they (th)
13. he repeat volleyball basketball (e)
14.tube lunch much hundred (u)
15. soccer volleyball aerobics jogging (o)
16.rope badminton video go (o)
17. face orange potato play (a)
18. tennis aerobics music exercise (i)
19. sometimes mountain often Saturday (t)
20. goes games times watches (es)
 
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