The Literature Temple was constructed in 1070 during the reign of King Ly Thanh Tong to worship Confucius. This is also the first national university of Vietnam, a Confucian academy, first for the princes and mandarin only, but later distinction students of ordinary families also being accepted. This place also honored 82 doctorates who had passed through a number of rigid exams held here in feudal ages. Their names, birthdays and birthplaces are engraved in 82 headstones perched on crafted tortoises. It is well believed that touching the heads of these tortoises will bring luck.
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The Literature Temple
was constructed in 1070 during the reign of King Ly Thanh Tong to worship Confucius. This is also the first national university of Vietnam, a Confucian academy, first for the princes and mandarin only, but later distinction students of ordinary families also being accepted. This place also honored 82 doctorates who had passed through
some rigid exams held here in feudal ages. Their names, birthdays and birthplaces
are engraved in 82 headstones perched on crafted tortoises.
It is well believed that touching the heads of these tortoises will bring luck.
1.Temple of Literature is a historical complex at the corner of Nguyen Thai Hoc St, Ton Duc Thang St and Quoc Tu Giam St. It is just a short walk from Hang Bong St of the Old Quarter. Built in 1070, Temple of Literature is dedicated to Confucius, in 1076 it became the first university of Vietnam by establishing Quoc Tu Giam or Imperial Academy within the temple to educate bureaucrats, nobles, royalty and other members of the elite. In 1253 it was renamed to "National College". This must see temple is not only a place to discover Vietnamese ancient architecture but also an oasis of tranquility amidst Hanoi's neverending traffic chaos.
2.The Temple of Literature was constructed in 1070 under the reign of Emperor Ly Thanh Tong. Nowadays it is considered one of the historic and cultural sites of Vietnam. In 1076, Emperor Ly Nhan Tong built The Imperial Academy as the first university of Vietnam. In 1484, King Le Thanh Tong ordered the erection of the first Doctors' stone tablets to honor talents and encourage study. And then they were recognised as the World heritage by UNESCO in 2010. In 2003, the Hanoi People's Committee built four statues of Emperor Ly Thanh Tong, Emperor Ly Nhan Tong, King Le Thanh Tong, and Chu Van An, who founded and developed The Temple of Literature – The Imperial Academy.
3.
The Temple of Literature was established in 1070 under the reign of King Ly Thanh Tong cius, its sages and philosophers and later acted as a royal school, where King Ly Nhan Tong studied when he was a five-year-old prince.
The Imperial Academy, which can be considered Vietnam’s first university, was built in 1076 next to the temple. Over the next seven centuries and more, the university produced thousands of scholars for the country. Under the reign of King Tran Minh Tong (1314-1329), teacher Chu Van An, who passed a doctoral examination, was appointed the school’s principal. After his death in 1370, King Tran Nghe Tong (1321 – 1394) had him worshiped beside Confucius at the Temple of Literature. Many schools in Vietnam are also named after Chu Van An.
The temple of Literature – Imperial Academy is bordered by four streets today: Quoc Tu Giam street in the south, Nguyen Thai Hoc In the north, Ton Duc Thang in the west, and Van Mieu in the east. The 5,400 – meter – square historical heritage site had been restored many times.
In 1805 Nguyen Van Thanh, the commander of the Northern Citadel, built the Khue Van Cac (constellation of literature), a large pavilion in the temple. The Imperial Academy was then a district school, and the Khai Thanh Temple, dedicated to the memory of Confucius’ parents, was built here.
In 1946, the Imperial academy in Hanoi was destroyed by French bombing, but gradually restored later. In 1999, the Hanoi administration built two wooden houses here. One of them is used for displaying the country’s traditional values of education and holding seminars. The other is for worshipping Chu Van An, and displaying items of the ancient Temple of Literature – Imperial academy.
To enter the main area of the Temple of Literature, visitors must go through three gates. The first gate, called Van Mieu Mon, has three doors. The second is called Dai Trung Mon and the third, Dai Thanh Mon.
In the space between Dai Trung Mon and Dai Thanh Mon is the one-storey, two-roof pavilion called Khue Van Cac. The ground floor has four pillars with sophisticated carvings on each side. On the first floor, the four walls have wooden rims, and carry carvings of gold-rimmed Chinese parallel sentences. In the past, Khue Van Cac was a place for scholars to comment on the writing of candidates who’d passed an examination.
Behind Khue Van Cac is the Thien Quang Tinh (Well of Heavenly Clarity), on either side of which 41 stones steles stand in two rows. They stand upon stone turtles and are inscribed with the names and birthplaces of successful doctoral candidates from the triennial examinations held at the Imperial Academy from 1484 to 1780.
Now a major tourist site, the Temple of Literature – imperial Academy also hosts award ceremonies to recognize outstanding students. An annual poetry festival is held here on the 15th of the first lunar month.
High school students descend on the temple every summer to pray for luck before sitting for the annual university examinations.
4.
The Temple of Literature was built under King Ly Thanh Tong in 1070 to worship Confucius, teacher Chu Van An, and the 4 best students of the Confucius (Nhan Tu, Tang Tu, Tu Tu, and Manh Tu). In 1076, the Imperial Academy was built behind the Temple of Literature under King Ly Nhan Tong.
This was a work built to encourage the study spirit of all people in the country as well as to find out the talented people to work for the country. In short, it is the first national university of Vietnam where the talent people were found and worked for the Kings.
1.
Temple of Literature is a historical complex at the corner of Nguyen Thai Hoc St, Ton Duc Thang St and Quoc Tu Giam St. It is just a short walk from Hang Bong St of the Old Quarter. Built in 1070, Temple of Literature is dedicated to Confucius, in 1076 it became the first university of Vietnam by establishing
Quoc Tu Giam or
Imperial Academy within the temple to educate bureaucrats, nobles, royalty and other members of the elite. In 1253 it was renamed to "National College". This must see temple is not only a place to discover Vietnamese ancient architecture but also an oasis of tranquility amidst Hanoi's neverending traffic chaos.
2.The Temple of Literature was constructed in 1070 under the reign of Emperor Ly Thanh Tong. Nowadays it is considered one of the historic and cultural sites of Vietnam. In 1076, Emperor Ly Nhan Tong built The Imperial Academy as the first university of Vietnam. In 1484, King Le Thanh Tong ordered the erection of the first Doctors' stone tablets to honor talents and encourage study. And then they were recognised as the World
Heritage by UNESCO in 2010. In 2003, the Hanoi People's Committee built four statues of Emperor Ly Thanh Tong, Emperor Ly Nhan Tong, King Le Thanh Tong, and Chu Van An, who founded and developed The Temple of Literature – The Imperial Academy.
3.
The Temple of Literature was established in 1070 under the reign of King Ly Thanh Tong
cius (???), its sages and philosophers and later acted as a royal school, where King Ly Nhan Tong studied when he was a five-year-old prince.
The Imperial Academy, which can be considered Vietnam’s first university, was built in 1076 next to the temple. Over the next seven centuries and more, the university produced thousands of scholars for the country. Under the reign of King Tran Minh Tong (1314-1329), teacher Chu Van An, who passed a doctoral examination, was appointed the school’s principal. After his death in 1370, King Tran Nghe Tong (1321 – 1394) had him worshiped beside Confucius at the Temple of Literature. Many schools in Vietnam are also named after Chu Van An.
The temple of Literature – Imperial Academy is bordered by four streets today: Quoc Tu Giam street in the south, Nguyen Thai Hoc In the north, Ton Duc Thang in the west, and Van Mieu in the east. The 5,400 – meter – square historical heritage site had been restored many times.
In 1805 Nguyen Van Thanh, the commander of the Northern Citadel, built the Khue Van Cac (constellation of literature), a large pavilion in the temple. The Imperial Academy was then a district school, and the Khai Thanh Temple, dedicated to the memory of Confucius’ parents, was built here.
In 1946, the Imperial academy in Hanoi was destroyed by French bombing, but gradually restored later. In 1999, the Hanoi administration built two wooden houses here. One of them is used for displaying the country’s traditional values of education and holding seminars. The other is for worshipping Chu Van An, and displaying items of the ancient Temple of Literature – Imperial academy.
To enter the main area of the Temple of Literature, visitors must go through three gates. The first gate, called Van Mieu Mon, has three doors. The second is called Dai Trung Mon and the third, Dai Thanh Mon.
In the space between Dai Trung Mon and Dai Thanh Mon is the
one-story, two-roof pavilion called Khue Van Cac. The ground floor has four pillars with sophisticated carvings on each side. On the first floor, the four walls have wooden rims, and carry carvings of gold-rimmed Chinese parallel sentences. In the past, Khue Van Cac was a place for scholars to comment on the writing of candidates who’d passed an examination.
Behind Khue Van Cac is the Thien Quang Tinh (Well of Heavenly Clarity), on either side of which 41 stones steles stand in two rows. They stand upon stone turtles and are inscribed with the names and birthplaces of successful doctoral candidates from the triennial examinations held at the Imperial Academy from 1484 to 1780.
Now a
primary tourist site, the Temple of Literature – imperial Academy also hosts award ceremonies to recognize outstanding students. An annual poetry festival is held here on the 15th of the first lunar month.
High school students descend on the temple every summer to pray for luck before sitting for the annual university examinations.
4.
The Temple of Literature was built under King Ly Thanh Tong in 1070 to worship Confucius, teacher Chu Van An, and the 4 best students of the Confucius (
Nhan Tu, Tang Tu, Tu Tu, and Manh Tu). In 1076, the Imperial Academy was built behind the Temple of Literature under King Ly Nhan Tong.
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