tính giá trị của các biểu thức sau:(a) A=2^1-2^16-2^15-...-2^1-1 (b) B=2^2+4^2+6^2+...+20^2

I

icy_tears

phần a
$A = 2^{17} - 2^{16} - 2^{15} - ... - 2^1 - 1$
$A = 2^{17} - (2^{16} + 2^{15} + ... + 2^1 + 1)$
Đặt $S = 2^{16} + 2^{15} + ... + 2^1 + 1$
$2S = 2^{17} + 2^{16} + ... + 2^2 + 2$
\Rightarrow $2S - S = (2^{17} + 2^{16} + ... + 2^2 + 2) - (2^{16} + 2^{15} + ... + 2^1 + 1)$
\Rightarrow $S = 2^{17} - 1$
\Rightarrow $A = 2^{17} - (2^{17} - 1) = 1$
 
I

icy_tears

phần b:
Đặt $C = 2^2 + 4^2 + 6^2 + ... + 20^2$
$C = 2.3 - 2 + 4.5 - 4 + 6.7 - 6 + ... + 20.21 - 20$
$= (2.3 + 4.5 + 6.7 + ... + 20.21) - (2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 20)$
$= (2.3 + 4.5 + 6.7 + ... + 20.21) - \frac{(2 + 20).10}{2}$
$= (2.3 + 4.5 + 6.7 + ... + 20.21) - 110$
Đặt $D = 1^2 + 3^2 + 5^2 + ... + 19^2$
$D = 1.2 - 1 + 3.4 - 3 + 5.6 - 5 + ... + 19.20 - 19$
$= (1.2 + 3.4 + 5.6 + ... + 19.20) - (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 19)$
$= (1.2 + 3.4 + 5.6 + ... + 19.20) - \frac{(1 + 19).10}{2}$
$= (1.2 + 3.4 + 5.6 + ... + 19.20) - 100$

Ta có:
$B = C - D$
$= (2.3 + 4.5 + 6.7 + ... + 20.21) - 110 - (1.2 + 3.4 + 5.6 + ... + 19.20) + 100$
$= 2.3 - 1.2 + 4.5 - 3.4 + 6.7 - 5.6 + ... + 20.21 - 19.20 - 10$
$= 2(3 - 1) + 4(5 - 3) + 6(7 - 5) + ... + 20(21 - 19) - 10$
$= 2.2 + 4.2 + 6.2 + ... + 20.2 - 10$
$= 2(2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 20) - 10$
$= 2.110 - 10$
$= 210$
 
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