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[TẶNG BẠN] TRỌN BỘ Bí kíp học tốt 08 môn
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6.Menh de quan he bat day bang “when”.Trang tu “when” dung trong menh de quan he nhu 1 trang ngu chi thoi gian nen khi ket hop cau, no thuong thay the cho trang tu chi thoi gian nhu “then”, “at that time” va danh tu dung truoc no thuong la 1 danh tu chi thoi gian nhu the day, the month, the year.
Eg: We will never forget the day. On that day, we first met eachother.
= We will never forget the day when (on which) we first met eachother.
7. Menh de phu tinh ngu khong han dinh (Non – defining relative clause).
Eg: The travellers who knew about the floods took another road.
The travellers, who knew about the floods, took another road.
Neu o vi du thu 2, nguoi viet nhan manh rang all the travellers da biet ve floods va quyet dinh took another road. O vi du thu 1, nguoi viet chi han dinh rang nhung traveller da biet ve flods va ho da chon con duong khac va SE co nhung travellers ko biet ve flood va van di con duong do.
Note:
Cau truc: It + be + noun/pronoun + defining relative clause (who/that).
Eg: It is Enghlish that we want to study in ESE.
It is Mrs Thatcher who is knows ad a iron lady.
Mệnh de khong han dinh thuong di sau va bo nghia cho 1 danh tu la ten rieng cua nguoi hoac vat hoac 1 cum danh tu da duoc xac dinh day du ve nghia.
Menh de khong han dinh chi bo sung them thong tin cho danh tu dung truoc no. Neu bo menh de nay di thi cau hoan toan du nghia.
Ta khong bao gio duoc dung “that” trong menh de nay va viec du dung dai tu quan he fai tuan theo dung chuc nang cua no.
Structure: N (nguoi) who
N (vat) which
N (nguoi lam chuc nang tan ngu) who
Eg: Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.
= Peter had been driving all day and he suggested stopping at the next town.
Note; Viec bieu hien so luong trong menh de phu tinh ngu.
( some of, any of, most of, none of, two of, half of, a few of,..).
Nhung dai tu chi so luong tren luon di truoc dai tu quan he whom/which.
Eg:
In my class, there are 20 students, most of whom are from Ha Noi.
= In my class, there are 20 students. Most of them are from Ha Noi.
II. Menh de trang ngu (Adverb clauses)
1. Menh de trang ngu chi thoi gian (Adverb clause of time)
Menh de trang ngu chi thoi gian thuong duoc bat dau bang nhung lien tu chi thoi gian nhu: when, while, since, as, after, as soon as, before, till, until, by the time, whenever, just as…
Mot so truong hop ve cach dung thoi trong menh de chi thoi gian:
a. Hai menh de qua khu don: as, when, just as , as soon as dien ta hanh dong xay ra noi tiep nhau hoac ke lai mot chuoi hanh dong trong qua khu.
Eg: As soon as we arrived in train station, the train left.
When we last saw him, he looked very pale.
b.Menh de qua khu don, qua khu hoan thanh : 1 hanh dong xay ra truoc mot hanh dong khac: before, after, by the time, tll, until.
Eg: When we arrived at the train station, the train had left.
By the time we got home, eveybody had had dinner.
Lien tu by the time chi dung truoc menh de chia o thoi qua khu do
c.Menh de qua khu don – hien tai hoan thanh/hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien : since, ever since.
I have worked here since/ever since I graduated.
= I have been working here since/ever since I graduated.
d.Menh de hien tai don – tuong lai don: when, until, till, before, after, as soon as : dien ra hanh dong xay ra trong tuong lai.
We will wait for him here until he gets back.
Qua khu don – Qua khu tiep dien; When, while : hanh dong dang xay ra, hanh dong khac xen vao.
Eg: When he came, he was talking on the phone.
e. Hai menh de cung hien tai tiep dien, qua khu tiep dien: while.
Eg: While the teacher (explain) the sum on the black board, the children (throw) the paper aeroplane around the classroom.
f. Hien tai don – tuong lai hoan thanh : before, by the time.
Eg: By the time I graduate, I will have lived in HN for 5 years.
Note: Mot so lien ket cua menh de trang ngu chi thoi gian:
Hardly…when…
No sooner…than…
Scarcely…when…
(vua moi…thi…)
S + had + hardly /no sooner/scarcely + p2, when/than/when + clause chia o simple past.
The performance had hardly /scarcely started when the light went out.
= The performance had no sooner started than the light went out.
Eg: We will never forget the day. On that day, we first met eachother.
= We will never forget the day when (on which) we first met eachother.
7. Menh de phu tinh ngu khong han dinh (Non – defining relative clause).
Eg: The travellers who knew about the floods took another road.
The travellers, who knew about the floods, took another road.
Neu o vi du thu 2, nguoi viet nhan manh rang all the travellers da biet ve floods va quyet dinh took another road. O vi du thu 1, nguoi viet chi han dinh rang nhung traveller da biet ve flods va ho da chon con duong khac va SE co nhung travellers ko biet ve flood va van di con duong do.
Note:
Cau truc: It + be + noun/pronoun + defining relative clause (who/that).
Eg: It is Enghlish that we want to study in ESE.
It is Mrs Thatcher who is knows ad a iron lady.
Mệnh de khong han dinh thuong di sau va bo nghia cho 1 danh tu la ten rieng cua nguoi hoac vat hoac 1 cum danh tu da duoc xac dinh day du ve nghia.
Menh de khong han dinh chi bo sung them thong tin cho danh tu dung truoc no. Neu bo menh de nay di thi cau hoan toan du nghia.
Ta khong bao gio duoc dung “that” trong menh de nay va viec du dung dai tu quan he fai tuan theo dung chuc nang cua no.
Structure: N (nguoi) who
N (vat) which
N (nguoi lam chuc nang tan ngu) who
Eg: Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.
= Peter had been driving all day and he suggested stopping at the next town.
Note; Viec bieu hien so luong trong menh de phu tinh ngu.
( some of, any of, most of, none of, two of, half of, a few of,..).
Nhung dai tu chi so luong tren luon di truoc dai tu quan he whom/which.
Eg:
In my class, there are 20 students, most of whom are from Ha Noi.
= In my class, there are 20 students. Most of them are from Ha Noi.
II. Menh de trang ngu (Adverb clauses)
1. Menh de trang ngu chi thoi gian (Adverb clause of time)
Menh de trang ngu chi thoi gian thuong duoc bat dau bang nhung lien tu chi thoi gian nhu: when, while, since, as, after, as soon as, before, till, until, by the time, whenever, just as…
Mot so truong hop ve cach dung thoi trong menh de chi thoi gian:
a. Hai menh de qua khu don: as, when, just as , as soon as dien ta hanh dong xay ra noi tiep nhau hoac ke lai mot chuoi hanh dong trong qua khu.
Eg: As soon as we arrived in train station, the train left.
When we last saw him, he looked very pale.
b.Menh de qua khu don, qua khu hoan thanh : 1 hanh dong xay ra truoc mot hanh dong khac: before, after, by the time, tll, until.
Eg: When we arrived at the train station, the train had left.
By the time we got home, eveybody had had dinner.
Lien tu by the time chi dung truoc menh de chia o thoi qua khu do
c.Menh de qua khu don – hien tai hoan thanh/hien tai hoan thanh tiep dien : since, ever since.
I have worked here since/ever since I graduated.
= I have been working here since/ever since I graduated.
d.Menh de hien tai don – tuong lai don: when, until, till, before, after, as soon as : dien ra hanh dong xay ra trong tuong lai.
We will wait for him here until he gets back.
Qua khu don – Qua khu tiep dien; When, while : hanh dong dang xay ra, hanh dong khac xen vao.
Eg: When he came, he was talking on the phone.
e. Hai menh de cung hien tai tiep dien, qua khu tiep dien: while.
Eg: While the teacher (explain) the sum on the black board, the children (throw) the paper aeroplane around the classroom.
f. Hien tai don – tuong lai hoan thanh : before, by the time.
Eg: By the time I graduate, I will have lived in HN for 5 years.
Note: Mot so lien ket cua menh de trang ngu chi thoi gian:
Hardly…when…
No sooner…than…
Scarcely…when…
(vua moi…thi…)
S + had + hardly /no sooner/scarcely + p2, when/than/when + clause chia o simple past.
The performance had hardly /scarcely started when the light went out.
= The performance had no sooner started than the light went out.