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Transport, the activity or process of moving things or people from one place to another.
Early humans dreamed of going faster and further than they could on foot. They probably first achieved this in northern countries before 3,000 BC (before Christ) using skis. The wheel was invented around 3,500 BC but carts were very slow without roads. So for many centuries the fastest and more popular means of transport was the horse, which can run at about fifty-five kilometres an hour. This record for speed was unbroken until the end of eighteenth century when the hot-air balloon and the railway both began to develop.
The hot-air balloon made its first free flight in 1783. Two Frenchmen, the Montgolfier brothers, were working as papermakers when they had the idea for the balloon. A fire heated the air, making the balloon rise. During the first flight, the two passengers were admiring the view when they suddenly saw smoke! The balloon was burning but, luckily, they managed to put the fire out and land safely.
The railway developed gradually from carts on tracks. The first vehicle with an engine to run on tracks was developed in 1803 by an Englishman, Richard Trevithick.
In 1804, he took the first passengers, although they didn't have to buy a ticket. Unfortunately, they were travelling in the train when it began to fall off the tracks and Trevithick realised that the tracks were no strong enough to take the weight of the train. The passengers escaped unharmed, but it was another example of how dangerous the development of transport can be.
Perhaps unexpectedly, the bicycle didn't appear until around 1840, when a Scotsman, Kirkpatrick McMillan, created the first one to have pedals. People rode bicycles without pedals before then, but they were slow and not very popular. It took around 140 years for McMillan's design to develop into modern mountain bikes.
The twentieth century saw the development of many other means of transport, including the hydrofoil and the hovercraft. The petrol-driven car (invented in 1885 in Germany) completely changed the way people thought about transport, and so did the aeroplane. People always dreamed of flying. One day, in 1903, that dream became a reality. Two American brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright, managed to make a short flight in their aircraft, the Flyer. From there, a huge industry grew that allowed, and still allows, people to visit the whole world, easily and cheaply.
The challenge for the twenty-first century is transport in space. Since the first Moon landing in 1969, technology has developed to give us the space shuttle (1981) and even the space tourist (2002). The future of transport will probably be as exciting as its past.
71. The wheel didn't lead to fast means of transport because ...
A. people could already travel fast
B. the invented it after skis
C. good roads didn't exist
D. people preferred to use horses
72. The passengers discovered the fire ...
A. while they were checking the balloon
B. before they left the ground
C. after they landed on the ground
D. while they were in the air
73. The invention of the train ...
A. came as a complete surprise
B. grew out of things that came before
C. took longeer than anyone expected
74. The writer is surprised by the fact that ...
A. the inventor of the bicycle was Scottish
B. nobody had invented the bicycle earlier
C. we waited over a century for the mountain bike
D. McMillan's bicycle had pedals
75. What can we say about the aeroplane?
A. It had great effects on people's attitudes
B. It wasn't as popular as the car was
C. It came to the Wright brothers in a dream
D. Peope didn't want to allow it at first
Early humans dreamed of going faster and further than they could on foot. They probably first achieved this in northern countries before 3,000 BC (before Christ) using skis. The wheel was invented around 3,500 BC but carts were very slow without roads. So for many centuries the fastest and more popular means of transport was the horse, which can run at about fifty-five kilometres an hour. This record for speed was unbroken until the end of eighteenth century when the hot-air balloon and the railway both began to develop.
The hot-air balloon made its first free flight in 1783. Two Frenchmen, the Montgolfier brothers, were working as papermakers when they had the idea for the balloon. A fire heated the air, making the balloon rise. During the first flight, the two passengers were admiring the view when they suddenly saw smoke! The balloon was burning but, luckily, they managed to put the fire out and land safely.
The railway developed gradually from carts on tracks. The first vehicle with an engine to run on tracks was developed in 1803 by an Englishman, Richard Trevithick.
In 1804, he took the first passengers, although they didn't have to buy a ticket. Unfortunately, they were travelling in the train when it began to fall off the tracks and Trevithick realised that the tracks were no strong enough to take the weight of the train. The passengers escaped unharmed, but it was another example of how dangerous the development of transport can be.
Perhaps unexpectedly, the bicycle didn't appear until around 1840, when a Scotsman, Kirkpatrick McMillan, created the first one to have pedals. People rode bicycles without pedals before then, but they were slow and not very popular. It took around 140 years for McMillan's design to develop into modern mountain bikes.
The twentieth century saw the development of many other means of transport, including the hydrofoil and the hovercraft. The petrol-driven car (invented in 1885 in Germany) completely changed the way people thought about transport, and so did the aeroplane. People always dreamed of flying. One day, in 1903, that dream became a reality. Two American brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright, managed to make a short flight in their aircraft, the Flyer. From there, a huge industry grew that allowed, and still allows, people to visit the whole world, easily and cheaply.
The challenge for the twenty-first century is transport in space. Since the first Moon landing in 1969, technology has developed to give us the space shuttle (1981) and even the space tourist (2002). The future of transport will probably be as exciting as its past.
71. The wheel didn't lead to fast means of transport because ...
A. people could already travel fast
B. the invented it after skis
C. good roads didn't exist
D. people preferred to use horses
72. The passengers discovered the fire ...
A. while they were checking the balloon
B. before they left the ground
C. after they landed on the ground
D. while they were in the air
73. The invention of the train ...
A. came as a complete surprise
B. grew out of things that came before
C. took longeer than anyone expected
74. The writer is surprised by the fact that ...
A. the inventor of the bicycle was Scottish
B. nobody had invented the bicycle earlier
C. we waited over a century for the mountain bike
D. McMillan's bicycle had pedals
75. What can we say about the aeroplane?
A. It had great effects on people's attitudes
B. It wasn't as popular as the car was
C. It came to the Wright brothers in a dream
D. Peope didn't want to allow it at first
