G. Read the following passages and choose the best answer to the questions:
KETCHUP
The sauce that is today called ketchup ( or catsup) in Western cultures is a tomato_based sauce that is quite distinct from Eastern ancestors of this product. A sauce called ke-tjap was in used in China at least as early as the 17th century, but the Chinese version of the sauce was made of picked fish, shellfish, and spices. The popularity of this Chinese sauce spread to Singapore and Malaysia, where it was called kechap. The Indonesian ketjab derives its name from the same source of the Malysian sauce but is made from very different ingredients. The Indonesian ketjab is made by cooking black soy beans, fermenting them, placing them in a salt brine for at least a week , cooking the resulting solution further, and sweetening it heavily; this process results in a dark, thick and sweet variation of soy sauce.
Early in the 18th century, sailors from the Bristish navy came across this exotic sauce on voyages to Malaysia and Singapore and brought samples of it back to England on return voyages. English chefs tried to recreate the sauce but were unable to do exactly because key ingredients were unknown or unavailable in England; chefs ended up substituting ingredients such as mushrooms and walnuts in an attempt to recreate the special taste of the original Asian sauce. Variations of this sauce became quite the rage in the 18th century England, appearing in a number of recipe books and features as an exotic addition to menus from the period.
The English version did not contain tomatoes, and it was not until the end of the 18th century that tomatoes became a main ingredients in the ketchup of the United States. It is quite notable that tomatoes were added to the sauce and that tomatoes had previously been considered quite dangerous to health. That tomato had been cultivated by the Aztecs, who had called it tomalt; however, early botanists had recognized that tomato was a member of the Solanecaea family, wich does include a number of poisonous plant. The leaves of the tomato plant are poisonous, though of course the fruit is not.
Thomas Jefferson, who cultivated the tomato in his gardens at Monticello and served dishes containing tomatoes at lavish feasts, often receive credit for changing the reputation of the tomato. Soon after Jefferso had introduced the tomato to American society, recipes combining the new fashinonabe tomato with the equally fashionable and exotic sauce known as ketchap began to appear. By the middle of the 19th century, both of the tomato and tomato ketchup were stables of the American kitchen.
Tomato ketchup,popular though it was,was quite time-consuming to prepare. In 1876,the first mass-produced tomato ketchup, a product of German-American Henry Heizn,went on sale and achieved immediate success. From tomato ketchup, Heizn branched out into a number of other products, including various sauces, pickles, and relishes.
141. It is not stated in paragraph 1 that
A. the Chinese sauce was in existence in the 17th century
B. the Malaysian sauce was similar to the Chinese sauce
C. the Chinese sauce was made from seafood and species
D. the Indonesian sauce was similar to the Chinese sauce
142. “it” in paragraph 1 refers to
A. a salt brine
B. a week
C. the resulting solution
D. this process
143. What ingredient is not used to make Indonesian sauce?
A. soy beans
B. sugar
C. salt
D. mushrooms
144. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that mushrooms and walnuts were
A. difficult to find in England
B. not part of the original Asian recipe
C. not native to England
D. transported to England to Asia
145. The phrase “became quite the rage” in paragraph 2 means
A. became an anger
B. became strange
C. became popular
D. became a protest
146. The author mentions the English version at the beginning of the third paragraph in order to
A. indicate what will be discussed in the coming paragraph
B. explain why tomatoes were considered dangerous
C. make a reference to the topic of the previous pharagraph
D. provide an example of a sauce using tomatoes
147. According to the paragraph 3, the tomato plant
A. was considered poisonous plants
B. is related to some poisonous plants
C. has edible leaves
D. has fruit tat is sometimes quite poisonous
148. the word “staples” in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by
A. standard elements
B. strong attachment
C. necessary utensils
D. rare alternatives
149. Where in paragraph 4 can the following sentence go in? “It turned from very bad to exceedingly good”
A. at the beginning of the paragraph 4
B. before the sentence “ Soon after Jefferson …”
C. before the sentence “By the middle of the 19th century …”
D. at the end of the paragraph 4
150. Tomato ketchup is closest to the word
A. ketchap
B. ke-tjap
C. ketjab
D. kechap
THE BEATLES
In the 1960s, The Beatles were probably the most famous pop group in the whole world. Since then, there have been a great many groups that have achieved enormous fame, so it is perhaps difficult now to imagine how sensational The Beatles were at that time. They were four boys from the north of England and none of them had any training in music. They started by performing and recording songs by black Americans and they had some success with these songs. Then they started writing their own songs and that was when they became really popular. The Beatles changed pop music. They were the first pop group to achieve great success from songs they had written themselves. After that it became common for groups and singers to write their own songs. The Beatles did not have a long career. Their first hit record was in 1963 and they split up in 1970. They stopped doing live performances in 1966 because it had become too dangerous for them – their fans were so excited that they surrounded them and tried to take their clothes as souvenirs! However, today some of their songs remain as famous as they were when they first came out. Throughout the world many people can sing part of a Beatles song if you ask them.
151. The passage is mainly about
A. How the Beatles became more successful than other groups
B. Why the Beatles split up after 7 years
C. The Beatles’ fame and success
D. Many people’s ability to sing a Beatles song
152. The four boys of the Beatles
A. Came from the same family
B. Were at the same age
C. Came from a town in the north of England
D. Received good training in music
153. The word “sensational” is closest in meaning to
A. Notorious
B. Bad
C. Shocking
D. Popular
154. The first songs of the Beatles were
A. Written by themselves
B. Broadcast on the radio
C. Paid a lot of money
D. Written by black Americans
155. What is not true about the Beatles?
A. The members had no training in music
B. They had a long stable career
C. They became famous when they wrote their own songs
D. They were afraid of being hurt by fans
156. The Beatles stopped their live performances because
A. They had earned enough money
B. They did not want to work with each other
C. They spent more time writing their own songs
D. They were afraid of being hurt by fans.
157. The year 1970 was the time when
A. They split up
B. They changed pop music
C. They started their career
D. They stopped singing live
158. What the fans of the Beatles often did was
A. Sing together with them
B. Take their clothes as souvenirs
C. Ask them to write more songs
D. Ask them why they should separate
159. Some songs of the Beatles now
A. Are still famous as they used to be
B. Became too old to sing
C. Are sung by crazy fans
D. Are the most famous
160. The tone of the passage is that of
A. Admiration
B. Criticism
C. Neutral
D. Sarcasm
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