Toán 9 GPT [tex]\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}=x^2-3x+4[/tex]

Ann Lee

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1) [tex]\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-1}}=4-\frac{1}{5}\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y-1}[/tex]
ĐKXĐ: [tex]x>0;y>1[/tex]
Pt đã cho [tex]\Leftrightarrow \frac{5}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\frac{1}{5}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}=4[/tex]
Theo BĐT cauchy ta có:
[tex]VT=\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{5}\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-1}}+\sqrt{y-1}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{5}{\sqrt{x}}.\frac{1}{5}\sqrt{x}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-1}}.\sqrt{y-1}}=2+2=4=VP[/tex]
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi [tex]\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{5}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{5}\sqrt{x}\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{y-1}}=\sqrt{y-1} \end{matrix}\right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=25(t/m)\\ y=2(t/m) \end{matrix}\right.[/tex]
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2) [tex]\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{10-x}=x^{2}-12x+40[/tex]
ĐKXĐ: [tex]2\leq x\leq 10[/tex]
Ta có:
  • [tex]VT=\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{10-x}=\frac{2\sqrt{4(x-2)}}{4}+\frac{2\sqrt{4(10-x)}}{4}\leq \frac{4+x-2}{4}+\frac{4+10-x}{4}=4[/tex]
  • [tex]VP=x^2-12x+40=(x-6)^2+4\geq 4[/tex]
Suy ra [tex]VT\leq 4\leq VP[/tex]
Để [tex]VT=VP\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 4=x-2\\4=10-x \\x-6=0 \end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=6(t/m)[/tex]
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3) [tex]\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}=x^2-3x+4[/tex]
ĐKXĐ: [tex]\left\{\begin{matrix} x^2+x-5\geq 0\\ -x^2+x+3\geq 0 \end{matrix}\right. \Leftrightarrow \frac{-1+\sqrt{21}}{2}\leq x\leq \frac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2}[/tex]
Pt đã cho [tex]\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^2+x-5}-\frac{x}{2}+\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}-\frac{x}{2}=x^2-4x+4\\\Leftrightarrow \frac{x^2+x-5-\frac{x^2}{4}}{ \sqrt{x^2+x-5}+\frac{x}{2}}+\frac{-x^2+x+3-\frac{x^2}{4}}{\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+\frac{x}{2}}=x^2-4x+4\\\Leftrightarrow \frac{\frac{(x-2)(3x+10)}{4}}{\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+\frac{x}{2}}+\frac{\frac{(x-2)(5x+6)}{4}}{\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+\frac{x}{2}}=(x-2)^2\\\Leftrightarrow \frac{(x-2)(3x+10)}{4\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+2x}+\frac{(x-2)(5x+6)}{4\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+2x}=(x-2)^2\\\Leftrightarrow (x-2)\left ( \frac{3x+10}{4\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+2x}+\frac{5x+6}{4\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+2x}+2-x \right )=0[/tex]
TH1: [tex]x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2(t/m)[/tex]
TH2: [tex]\frac{3x+10}{4\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+2x}+\frac{5x+6}{4\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+2x}+2-x=0[/tex] (*)
+) Với [tex]\frac{-1+\sqrt{21}}{2}\leq x\leq 2[/tex] thì [tex]\frac{3x+10}{4\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+2x}+\frac{5x+6}{4\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+2x}+2-x>0[/tex]
+) Với $2<x\leq\frac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2}$ thì (*) $\Leftrightarrow \frac{3x+10}{4\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+2x}+\frac{5x+6}{4\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+2x}=x-2$
[tex]VP=x-2\leq \frac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2}-2=\frac{-3+\sqrt{13}}{2}[/tex]
$VT=\frac{3x+10}{4\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+2x}+\frac{5x+6}{4\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+2x}\\=\frac{3x}{4\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+2x}+\frac{5x+6}{4\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+2x}+\frac{10}{4\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+2x}\\\geq \frac{3x}{4\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+2x}+\frac{5x+6}{4\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+2x}+\frac{10}{4\sqrt{\left ( \frac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2} \right )^2+\left ( \frac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2} \right )-5}+2\left ( \frac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2} \right )}\\>\frac{3x}{4\sqrt{x^2+x-5}+2x}+\frac{5x+6}{4\sqrt{-x^2+x+3}+2x}+\frac{-3+\sqrt{13}}{2}>\frac{-3+\sqrt{13}}{2} \geq VP$
Suy ra (*) vô nghiệm
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