http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMfCU2LccTc&feature=relmfuthì quá khứ hoàn thành ,quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
- Thì quá khứ:
+ Thì quá khứ đơn:
S+ V_ed (or BQT)
+ Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
S + was/were + V_ing
+ Thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
S + had + PII
+ Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
S + had + been + V_ing
3- QUÁ KHỨ/QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ÐƠN
Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ với thời gian xác định.
CHỦ TỪ + ÐỘNG TỪ QUÁ KHỨ
When + thì quá khứ đơn (simple past)
When + hành động thứ nhất
I went to the library last night.
She came to the U.S. five years ago.
He met me in 1999.
When they saw the accident, they called the police.
Cụm và từ ngữ chỉ thời gian: last night, last year, last time, etc., ago, in 1999, today, yesterday, then = at that time, in the 1800's, in the 19th century, when, and for
Today đôi khi được dùng ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn và tương lai đơn. For đôi khi được dùng ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành (present perfect).
THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
In (a), 2 hành động đã xảy ra cùng lúc. Nhưng hành động thứ nhất đã xảy ra sớm hơn và đã đang tiếp tục xảy ra thì hành động thứ hai xảy ra.
CHỦ TỪ + WERE/WAS + ÐỘNG TÙ THÊM -ING
While + thì quá khứ tiếp diễn (past progressive)
In (b), 2 hành động đã xảy ra cùng một lúc.
a. What were you doing when I called you last night?
b. He was watching TV while his wife was cleaning the bedroom.
Cụm và từ ngữ chỉ thời gian: While, at that very moment, at 10:00 last night, and this morning (afternoon)
Kevin Khôi Trương
SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS
I was doing
You were doing
He was doing
We were doing
You were doing
They were doing
TÓM TẮT:
Hành động kéo dài, tiếp tục, ở một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ
Ðể nói hành động kéo dài, đang ở giữa công việc, trong một thời gian nào đó. Không cho biết khi nào chấm dứt.
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1* The PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE indicates continuing action, something that was happening, going on, at some point in the past. This tense is formed with the helping "to be" verb, in the past tense, plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):
2* To say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time.
3* To say that st happend in the middle of st.
4* It doesn't tell us wether an action was finished or not.
5* To tell how long something has been happening
Examples:
1* I was riding my bike all day yesterday.
Joel was being a terrible role model for his younger brother.
Dad was working in his garden all morning.
During the mid-50s, real estate speculators were buying all the swampland in Central Florida, and innocent people were investing all their money in bogus development projects.
Was he being good to you?
2* This time last year I was living in Spain. What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night ?
3* Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the lunch
While I was working in the garden , I hurt my back.
I saw Jim in the park. He was sitting on the grass.
It was raining when I got up .
Carlos lost his watch while he was running.I was sleeping on the couch when Bertie smashed through the door.
5* Tom was cooking the dinner . (He was in the middle of cooking, we don't know wether he finished or not).
COMPARE:
When Tom arrived,
- we were having dinner. (We had already started dinner before Tom arrived )
- we had dinner ( Tom arrived and we had dinner )
You've been smoking too much recently. You should smoke less.
Ann has been writing letters all day.
Nam Phương
4- QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH/QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả 1 hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ trước 1 hành động khác cũng xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ.
CHỦ TỪ + HAD + QUÁ KHỨ PHÂN TỪ
I had just finished watering the lawn when it began to rain.
She had studied English before she came to the U.S.
After he had eaten breakfast, he went to school.
THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của 1 hành động đã đang xảy ra trong quá khứ và kết thúc trước 1 hành động khác xảy ra và cũng kết thúc trong quá khứ.
CHỦ TỪ + HAD + BEEN + ÐỘNG TỪ THÊM -ING
We had been living in Santa Ana for 2 years before we moved to Garden Grove.
Cụm và từ ngữ chỉ thời gian: Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after
Dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành cho hành động thứ nhất. Dùng thì quá khứ cho hành động thứ hai.
Mẹo: Quí vị có thể nhớ theo cách này.
Chữ cái tiếng Anh A B C.......
"A" đứng vị trí thứ nhất và "A" là chữ cái đầu tiên của chữ "After". Cho nên After + hành động thứ nhất.
Trước tiên: Alex had gone to bed.
Sau đó': He couldn't sleep.
After Alex had gone to bed, he couldn't sleep.
Trước tiên: Jessica had cooked dinner.
Sau đó': Her boyfriend came.
Jessica's boyfriend came after she had cooked dinner.
"B" đứng ở vị trí thứ hai, và "B" là chữ cái đầu tiên của chữ "Before". Cho nên Before + hành động thứ 2.
Trước tiên: Kimberly had taken the test.
Sau đó': She went home yesterday.
Kimberly had taken the test before she went home yesterday.
Trước tiên: Brandon had brushed his teeth.
Sau đó': He went to bed.
Before Brandon went to bed, he had brushed his teeth.
Kevin Khôi Trương
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TÓM TẮT:
Ðể diễn tả một hành động kéo dài, ÐÃ CHẤM DỨT ở một thời diểm trong quá khứ.
Không có Past perfect progressive cho "To be". "Had been Being" được diễn tả bằng "Had been" .
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THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE indicates a continuous action that was completed at some point in the past.
This tense is formed with the modal "HAD" plus "BEEN," plus the present participle of the verb (with an -ing ending):
"I had been working in the garden all morning. George had been painting his house for weeks, but he finally gave up."
I hadn't been going
You hadn't been going
He hadn't been going
We hadn't been going
You hadn't been going
They hadn't been going
To say how long st had been happening before something else happened
It had been raining (the sun was shining and the ground was wet it had stopped raining. )
I was very tired when I arrived home , I had been working hard all day
He was out of breath . He had been running
The house was quiet when I got home. Everybody had gone to bed.
Tom wasn't there when I arrived : he had just gone out
The man was a complete st ranger to me . I had never seen before.
Bill no longer had his car: he had sold it
NOTE:
There is no past perfect progressive for the "to be" verb. "Had been being" is expressed simply as "had been":
"We had been successful before, but we somehow lost our knack."
Nam Phương
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