HƯỚNG DẪN
1. Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động (active) làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động (passive).
2. Đổi động từ chủ động (VA) thành động từ bị động (VP)
VP = be + past participle (PP)
TENSES | ACTIVE VOICE | PASSIVE VOICE |
Simple present
| S +V(s / es)
Jordan sweeps the house every morning | S + am / is / are + PP
The house is swept by Jordan every morning |
Present Continuous | S + am / is / are + V-ing
They are painting the house. | S + am / is / are + being + PP
The house is being painted. |
Present Perfect | S + have / has + pp
The secretary has just finished the report. | S + have / has + been + PP
The report has just been finished by the secretary |
Simple past | S + V2 / Ved
My sister studied passive forms. | S + was / were + PP
Passive forms were studied by my sister |
Past Continuous | S + was / were + V-ing
My mother was cooking dinner at that time yesterday. | S + was / were + being + PP
Dinner was being cooked by my mother at that time yesterday. |
Past Perfect | S + had + pp
Nhi had finished this document before 11 pm yesterday. | S + had been + PP
This document had been finished by Nhi before 11pm yesterday |
Simple future | S + will / shall + V0
They will solve the problem soon | S + will / shall + be + PP
The problem will be solved soon |
Future Perfect | S + will / shall + have + pp
You will have finished this report before Tuesday. | S + will /shall + have been + PP
This report will have been finished by Tuesday. |
Near future | S + BE + going to + V0
They are going to build a new supermarket | S + BE+ going to+ be+PP
A new supermarket is going to be built |
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3. Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động thành tân ngữ của câu bị động và đứng trước nó là giới từ
by. (BY+O)
Ví dụ: The mouse was eaten by the cat.
· Chủ ngữ I, you, we, they, he, she , it, one, people, someone, somebody, nobody, no one thường được bỏ đi trong câu bị động.
Ví dụ: Somebody left this purse in a classroom
àThis purse was left in a classroom
· Nếu trong câu chủ động có chủ ngữ là
nobody ,
no one hay nothing thì động từ trong câu bị động chia ở dạng phủ định
Ví dụ: Nobody saw him leaving the room.
==>He wasn't seen leaving the room
· Nếu vật gián tiếp gây ra hành động ta có thể dùng with thay cho by để chỉ phương tiện thực hiện hành động.
Ví dụ: The bird was shot by the hunter
The bird was shot with the gun.
He was hit by the stone (It was an accident)
He was hit with the stone (Someone used a stone to hit him )
Các động từ dùng với with thay cho by : crowd (ngăn cản),fill(đổ đầy),cover(bao phủ) ,edge (viền ) , pack ( gói ) , stuff( nhồi ) ,pile ( chất đống ) , load ( chất )
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Vị trí của các trạng từ trong câu bị động :
· Trạng từ chỉ cách thức (Adverb of manner) thường đứng giữa be và past participle. Các trạng từ khác thường đứng sau trợ động từ đầu tiên.
Ví dụ: This problem have been carefully studied by scientists
She had never been promoted if she wouldn’t have changed her job
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + By O + Trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Ex : The report was typed by the secretary this morning.
He was found in the forest by the police.
The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.