[Anh 8] Đảo ngữ + Giới từ

K

kuckutkute

Câu đảo ngữ
Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ. Người ta gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ. Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động từ chính:
Ví dụ:
Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar.
At no time (= never) did I say I would accept late homework.
1. Câu đảo ngữ có chứa trạng từ phủ định:
Nhìn chung, câu đảo ngữ thường được dùng để nhấn mạnh tính đặc biệt của một sự kiện nào đó và thường được mở đầu bằng một phủ định từ.

* Nhóm từ: never (không bao giờ), rarely (hiếm khi), seldom (hiếm khi).

Câu đảo ngữ chứa những trạng từ này thường được dùng với động từ ở dạng hoàn thành hay động từ khuyết thiếu và có thể chứa so sánh hơn.
Ví dụ:
Never have I been more insulted!
(Chưa bao giờ tôi bị lăng mạ hơn thế).
Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion.
Seldom has he seen anything stranger.
(Hiếm khi anh ấy nhìn thấy một cái gì kì lạ hơn thế).
Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable.

* Nhóm từ: hardly (hầu như không), barely (chỉ vừa đủ, vừa vặn), no sooner (vừa mới), or scarcely (chỉ mới, vừa vặn).

Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng ngữ này thường được dùng để diễn đạt một chuỗi các sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ:
Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang.
(Hiếm khi chuông cửa reo mà tôi thức dậy).
No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door.
(Khi anh ấy vừa mới ăn tối xong thì chị ta bước vào cửa).

2. Nhóm từ kết hợp sau “Only” như: only after, only when, only then…
Only after/only when/only then/only if + trợ động từ + S + V…
Only by + noun/V-ing + trợ động từ/ động từ khuyết thiếu + S + V….: chỉ bằng cách làm gì
Ví dụ:
Only then did I understand the problem.
(Chỉ sau lúc đó tôi mới hiểu ra được vấn đề).
Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task.
Only by studying hard can you pass this exam.
Chú ý: nếu trong câu có hai mệnh đề, chúng ta dùng đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ hai:
Only when you grow up, can you understand it.
Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you.
Only after the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before.

3. Nhóm từ: So, Such
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau:
So + tính từ + to be + Danh từ …
Ví dụ:
So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.
(Tình huống này kì lạ khiến tôi không thể ngủ được).
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
(Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần 3 tháng chuẩn bị).
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
“Such + to be + Danh từ +…”
Ví dụ:
Such is the moment that all greats traverse.
(Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao).
Such is the stuff of dreams.
(Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa).

4. Not only….but also…..:không những…….mà còn…..
Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V…
Ví dụ:
Not only does he study well, but also he sings well.

5. Một số cấu trúc khác
• In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không.
Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.
• On no account: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
On no accout must this switch be touched.
• Only in this way: Chỉ bằng cách này
Only in this way could the problem be solved
• In no way: Không sao có thể
In no way could I agree with you.
• By no means: Hoàn toàn không
By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
• Negative ..., nor + auxiliary + S + V
He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow.
• Khi một mệnh đề mở đầu bằng các thành ngữ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc trật tự thì động từ chính có thể đảo lên chủ ngữ nhưng tuyệt đối không được sử dụng trợ động từ trong trường hợp này.
Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary)
In front of the museum is a statue.
First came the ambulance, then came the police.
(Thoạt đầu là xe cứu thương chạy đến, tiếp sau là cảnh sát.)
• Khi một ngữ giới từ làm phó từ chỉ địa điểm hoặc phương hướng đứng ở đầu câu, các nội động từ đặt lên trước chủ ngữ nhưng tuyệt đối không được sử dụng trợ động từ trong loại câu này. Nó rất phổ biến trong văn mô tả khi muốn diễn đạt một chủ ngữ không xác định:
Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
Directly in front of them stood a great castle.
On the grass sat an enormous frog.
Along the road came a strange procession.
• Tân ngữ mang tính nhấn mạnh cũng có thể đảo lên đầu câu:
Not a single word did he say.
• Các phó từ away ( = off ), down, in, off, out, over, round, up... có thể theo sau là một động từ chuyển động và sau đó là một danh từ làm chủ ngữ:
– Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up...+ motion verb + noun/noun phrase as a subject.
Away went the runners.
Down fell a dozen of apples...
– Nhưng nếu một đại từ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ thì động từ phải để sau chủ ngữ:
Away they went.
Round and round it flew.
– Trong tiếng Anh viết (written English) các ngữ giới từ mở đầu bằng các giới từ down, from, in, on, over, out of, round, up... có thể được theo sau ngay bởi động từ chỉ vị trí (crouch, hang, lie, sit, stand...) hoặc các dạng động từ chỉ chuyển động, các động từ như be born/ die/ live và một số dạng động từ khác.
From the rafters hung strings of onions.
In the doorway stood a man with a gun.
On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot.
Over the wall came a shower of stones.

*Chú ý: các ví dụ trên có thể diễn đạt bằng một V-ing mở đầu cho câu và động từ to be đảo lên trên chủ ngữ:
Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion.
Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun.
Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot.

Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ

1. She had never been so happy before.

2. I have never heard such nonsense!

3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.

4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.

5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.

8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed .

9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.

10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.

11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face.

12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances.

13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice.


Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
1. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.
–> So………………………………………….
2. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
–> No sooner……………………………………………………..
3. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
–> Hardly……………………………………………………………..
4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
–> Only when……………………………………………………
5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John.
–> Nowhere…………………………………………..
6.–> The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
–> At no time…………………………………….
7. He forgot about the gun until he got home.
–> Not until………………………………
8. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday.
–> Only by…………………………………………………………

(sưu tầm)
 
N

ngoclan97

đây là một số câu trong đề khảo sát của em, mn làm dùm e nha

1. She just had time to put her umbrella before the rain came down in the torrents.
=> No sooner
2. The noise next door did not stop until the midnight.
 It was not
3. I have ever seen as interesting as this before.
 This is
4. I had only just put down the phone when he rang back again.
 Hardly
5. He is such a slow speaker that everybody gets bored.
 He speaks
6. Heavy rain annoys the pupils.
 The pupils find
7. She was very angry, so she broke all the dishes in the cupboard.
 So
8. Keep quiet or I’ll scream.
 Unless
9. Everyone heard about the accident before I did.
 I was
10. The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
 Had it not
11. We practice English often. We speak it fluently.
 The more
12. If there weren’t air, there would be no life in this planet.
 Without
13. Tim looks nothing like his father.
 Tim doesn’t
14. We lost the game because of my mistake.
 It was
15. She eats a lot. Thus, she gains weight quickly.
 So much
16. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.
 Were it
17. Although I warned them not to climb that tree, they did.
 In spite of
18. Although I admire Mike Tyson as a boxer, I abhor him as a man.
 In spite of
19. The train journey from London to Bristol takes 2 hours.
 It’s
20. Matthew didn’t listen to what his doctor told him.
 Matthew took
21. I could realize how important the family is only after I left home.
 Not until
22. I could hold a party due to my Mom’s help.
 Had it
23. Success depends on hard work.
 The harder
24. The fire will go out if he doesn’t put more wood on.
 Unless
25. Please don’t interrupt me when I’m talking.
 I’d rather
26. He doesn’t know much about life in America.
 Little
27. Despite his illness, he went to the station with his friend.
 Even though
28. They manage to finish the project in time for the presentation.
 They succeeded
 
D

diema3

Mọi người ơi giúp em tất cả kiến thức về sự đảo ngữ trong câu và kiến thức về giới từ nữa.
Tks mn nhìu nhìu.

- em có thể vào TOPIC 'HOT'( ở chữ kí cua Mod or ở mục T.A ). Ở đó có kiến thức về giới từ khá chi tiết. Hj. C dùng đt nên không lấy link đươc. Phần đảo ngữ kuk. . . đưa kũng khá đủ. E cũng có thể xem thêm ở topjc nój tren
 
P

pemivip



1. She just had had time to put her umbrella before the rain came down in the torrents.

\Rightarrow No sooner had she have time to put her umbrella than the rain came down in the torrents.
2. The noise next door did not stop until the midnight.
\Rightarrow It was not until the midnight that the noise next door stopped.
3. I have ever seen as interesting as this before.
 This is not the first time I have seen as interesting as this.
4. I had only just put down the phone when he rang back again.
 Hardly had I put down the phone when he rang back again.
5. He is such a slow speaker that everybody gets bored.
 He speaks so slowly that everybody gets bored.
6. Heavy rain annoys the pupils.
 The pupils find the heavy rain annoying.
7. She was very angry, so she broke all the dishes in the cupboard.
 So angry was she that she broke all the dishes in the cupboard.
8. Keep quiet or I’ll scream.
 Unless you keep quiet, I'll scream.
9. Everyone heard about the accident before I did.
 I was the last one who heard about the accident.
10. The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
 Had it not been for the death of the Prime Minister, the passing of the bill wouldn't have been prevented.
11. We practice English often. We speak it fluently.
 The more we practice, the more fluently we speak.
12. If there weren’t air, there would be no life in this planet.
 Without air, there would be no life in this planet.
13. Tim looks nothing like his father.
 Tim doesn’t take after his father
hoặc Tim doesn’t have/bear a resemblance to his father.
14. We lost the game because of my mistake.
 It was my fault that we didn't win the game.
15. She eats a lot. Thus, she gains weight quickly.
 So much does she eat that she gains weight quickly.
16. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money.
 Were it not for the money, this job wouldn't become worthwhile.
17. Although I warned them not to climb that tree, they did.
 In spite of my warning, they climbed that tree.
18. Although I admire Mike Tyson as a boxer, I abhor him as a man.
 In spite of the fact that I admire Mike Tyson as a boxer, I abhor him as a man.
19. The train journey from London to Bristol takes 2 hours.
 It’s a two-hour journey from London to Bristol
20. Matthew didn’t listen to what his doctor told him.
 Matthew took no notice of what his doctor told him.
21. I could realize how important the family is only after I left home.
 Not until I left home could I realize how important the family is
22. I could hold a party due to my Mom’s help.
 Had it not been for my Mom's help, I couldn't have held a party
23. Success depends on hard work.
 The harder you work, the more successful you are
24. The fire will go out if he doesn’t put more wood on.
 Unless he puts more wood on, the fire will go out
25. Please don’t interrupt me when I’m talking.
 I’d rather you didn't interrupt me when I’m talking.
26. He doesn’t know much about life in America.
 Little does he know about life in America.
27. Despite his illness, he went to the station with his friend.
 Even though he was ill, he went to the station with his friend.
28. They manage to finish the project in time for the presentation.
 They succeeded in finishing the project in time for the presentation.[/QUOTE]

P/s: Ôi bài dài wá!!!
 
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