English THPT Danh động từ và động từ nguyên thể

[Phạm Dương]

[TẶNG BẠN] TRỌN BỘ Bí kíp học tốt 08 môn
Chắc suất Đại học top - Giữ chỗ ngay!!

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PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT
I. GERUND:
1. Chức năng:
- Là chủ ngữ trong câu: Dancing bored him
- Bổ ngữ của động từ: His hobby is painting
- Là bổ ngữ: Seeing is believing
- Sau giới từ: He is interested in watching films on Tv.
- Sau một vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy.........

2. Một số cách dùng đặc biệt:
a. Verb + V-ing: Danh động từ theo sau một số động từ:
Admit: thú nhận
Anticipate: trông mong, mongđợi
Avoid: tránh
Appreciate: tán thành
Consider: xem xẫt
Delay: hoãn lại
Defer: trí hoãn
Deny: từ chối
Detest: ghẫt
Dislike: không thìch
Dread: sợ
Enjoy: thìch thú
Escape: trốn thoát
Excuse: thứ lỗi
Fancy: đam mê
Finish
Forgive: tha thứ
Like: thìch
Love: yêu thìch
Imagine: tưởng tượng
Involve: dình lìu, liên quan
Keep: giữ, tiếp
Mind: phiền
Miss: lỡ, nhớ
Mention: đề cập
Pardon: tha thứ, tha lỗi
Prefer
Prevent: ngăn ngừa
Postpone: hoãn lại
Practice: thực hành
Prevent
Propose (= suggest)
Quit: từ bỏ
Recollect: nhớ lại
Resent: căm thù
Recall: gợi nhớ/ recollect
Resume: cho rằng
Resist: kháng cự, ngăn cản
Risk: mạo hiểm
Remember/ forget
Suggest: gợi ý
Stop/ begin/ start
Understand: hiểu
Discuss: thảo luận
Hate: ghét
Ex: He admitted taking the money.
Avoid over-eating
He detests writing letters.
He didn‘t want to risk getting wet.
I can‘t understand his/ him leaving his wife.
Chú ý: excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent không trực tiếp theo sau bởi danh động từ mà theo sau bởi:
Possessive adjective/ pronoun + danh động từ hoặc pronoun + preposition + danh động từ
Appreciate thường theo sau bởi tình từ sở hữu hoặc danh động từ ở dạng bị động
Ex: Forgive my/ me ringing you up so early.
Forgive me for ringing you up so early.
You can‟t prevent his/ him spending his own money.
You can‟t prevent him from spending his own money.
I appreciate your giving me o much of your time. / I appreciate being given this opportunity.
b. common phrasal verbs + V-ing: (sau một số cụm động từ) carry on, end up, give up, go round, keep on, put off, set about...
c. Expression + V-ing: Một số th nh ngữ theo s u bởi V-ing
- have fun/ a good time + V-ing: vui vẻ ...
- have trouble/ difficulty + V-ing:
- have a hard time/ difficult time + V-ing
- spend + time/ money + V-ing (present participle)
He spends 3 hours studying English every day.
- waste + time/money + V-ing:
- sit + Danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing: she sat at her desk writing a letter
- stand + danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing
- lie + danh từ nơi chốn + Ving
- can‘t help = can‘t bear = can‘t stand = can‘t resist (không thể chịu được)
I can‟t bear hearing his lies
I can‟t stand seeing him here
- it is no good / it is no use (vô ìch / không có ìch): It‟s no use phoning him at this time
- there‘s no point in ...
- What‘s the point of...
- to be busy bận rộn
My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen.
- to be worth đáng
This book is worth reading
- be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen với
- S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thìch làm gí hơn làm gí
= S + would rather Vinf than Vinf
d. go + gerund để chỉ một hoạt động đặc biệt nào đó: (Present participle)
- go fishing đi câu cá go hunting go bowling go jogging
- go shopping đi mua sắm go camping go sightseeing go sailing
- go swimming đi bơi go dancing go running ....
- go hiking đi bộ dã ngoại go birdwatching go boating go canoening
- go mountain climbing
* Cụm giới từ theo sau bới V-ing:
be excited/ worried about V-ing
complain keep (someone)
dream about/ of + V-ing prevent (someone) from V-ing
talk stop (someone)
think
apologize believe
blame (someone) be interested in V-ing
forgive (someone) for V-ing succeed
be responsible
thank (someone)
be tired of V-ing in addition
be waste look forward to V-ing
* Preposition +gerund (giới từ +gerund):
Be interested in (thìch thú) think about (nghĩ về) apologize for (xin lỗi về)
Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instead of (thay ví)
Be accustomed to look forward to (mong đợi)
be / get used to quen /thìch nghi với be familiar with

3. The perfect gerund:
Form: having Vpp
The perfect gerund được sử dụng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) khi chúng ta đề cập tới một
hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ:
Ex: He was accused of having stolen her money.
He denied having been there.

4. The passive gerund:
Form: being + past participle (present)
Having + been + Vpp (past)
Ex: She hates being called a dull.
The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche.
I am interested in being given money by my mother.
He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper.
The safe showed no signs of having been touched.

II. INFINITIVES: Động từ nguyên thể
1. Chức năng:
- Làm chủ ngữ của câu: (cùng với các động từ: appear, seem, be)
Ex: To save money now seems impossible.
= It seems impossible to save money (more usual)
- Làm bổ ngữ của động từ (be):
Ex: His plan is to keep the affair secret.
- Làm tân ngữ của động từ:
Ex: He wants to play
- Chỉ mục đìch: He learns English to sing English songs.
- Sau một số tình từ:

2. Bare infinitive (infinitive without to)
 Được dùng sau động từ make, have với nghĩ nguyên cớ (causative)
The Brown made their children clean their room.
The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs.
 Được dùng sau động từ giác quan như see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell,....
We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain.
The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual.
* chú ý:
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + Ving (present p rticiple): bắt gặp i đó đ ng l m gì
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + bare inf.: thấy i đó đã l m gì
 Đuợc dùng sau động từ let và help.
My brother let me use computer.
The parents helped their children set up the tent.
 Được dùng sau các đọng từ khuyết thiếu và trợ động từ: can, could, will, shall, would,
should, used to, had better, need, ought to, do, did ...
 Trong cấu trúc: would rather + bare infinitive/ had better

3. To – infinitive:
A. To infinitive s u động từ:
Dạng1: V + TO INFINITIVE : Mẫt số động từ theo sau là to infinitive
1. agree: đồng ý
2. aim: nhằm mục đìch
3. appear: có vẻ
4. arrange: sắp xếp
5. ask: yêu cầu
6. attempt: cố gắng
7. bother: phiền
8. care: để ý
9. choose: chọn
10. claim: công bố
11. decide: quyết định
12. demand: yêu cầu
13. determine: định đoạt
14. fail: thất bại
15. guarantee: bảo đảm
16. happen: xảy ra
17. hesitate: do dự
18. hope: hy vọng
19. learn: học
20. manage: xoay xở
21. neglect: lơ đãng
22. offer: đề nghị
23. plan: có kế hoạch
24. prepare:chuẩn bị
25. pretend: giả vờ
26. proceed: tiếp nối
27. promise:
28. prove: chứng tỏ
29. refuse: từ chối
30. resolve: nhất quyết
31. seem:
32. swear: thề
33. tend: có xu hướng
34. threaten: dọa
35. volunteer: tính nguyện
36. vow: dụ dỗ
37. wish
38. want
39. need
40. wait
41. expect
42. intend
43. would like/ would love
44. beg
45. begin/ start
46. afford: đủ khả năng
47. be willing
48. be able
49. expect
50. intend
51. beg: cầu khẩn
52. prefer
- Danh từ/ đại từ làm tân ngữ (objects) đi sau, rồi mới đến ―to infinitive‖
Vì dụ:
- She advised me to go to the English Club.
* Một số động từ thường gặp:
+ advise: khuyên + allow: cho phẫp
+ ask: yêu cầu. + cause: gây ra.
+ command: yêu cầu, ra lệnh+ encourage: khuyến khìch
+ expect: mong chờ. + forbid: cấm
+ force: buộc + instruct: chỉ dẫn
+ invite: mời + oblige: bắt buộc
+ need: cần - We need you to help us
+ teach: dạy - My brother taught me to swim
+ tell: bảo. + want: muốn
+ warn: cảnh báo + remind: nhắc nhở
+ order: yêu cầu, ra lệnh + persuade: thuyết phục
+ request: yêu cầu + show:
+ train: đào tạo, huấn luyện + instruct: chỉ dẫn
+ permit: cho phẫp + remind: nhắc nhở
* NOTES:
+ allow / permit / advise/ recommend/ encourage + object + to infinitive
Ex: She doesn‟t llow me to smoke in her room
+ allow/ permit/ recommend/ encourage/ advise + gerund
Ex: She doesn‟t llow smoking in her room

Dạng3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND (một số động từ theo sau bởi to infinitive and gerund)
Nhóm 1: V + to Infinitive / Gerund (không khác nghĩ )
- begin bắt đầu - prefer thìch.. hơn - can‘t stand
- start bắt đầu - hate ghẫt - can‘t bear
- continue tiếp tục - love yêu thìch - intend
- like thìch - bother làm phiền
Các động từ trên có thể được theo sau bởi to Infinitive hoặc Gerund mà ý nghĩa hÇu nh- không đổi.
Ví dụ:
- He began to laugh
= He began laughing
Chú ý:
a) Không nên dùng: It‘s beginning raining
Nên nói: It is begining to rain
b) Động từ nguyên mẫu thường mang ý nghĩa của một mục đìch, một dự tình trong tương lai, trong khi
danh động từ mang ý nghĩa một kinh nghiệm sẵn có. Cách sử dụng chúng đôi khi rất tinh tế như sau:
Ví dụ
- I like to meet the public
(Tôi thìch gặp công chúng – Tôi thấy nên gặp, cần gặp → dự định)
- I like meeting the public
(Tôi thìch gặp công chúng. Tôi thấy vui khi gặp và tôi luôn làm thế).

Nhóm 2: V + infinitive / Gerund (khác nghĩ )
remember, forget, regret, try, stop, need, go on
a. NEED
Need to do = it is necessary to do:cần phải làm (động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa chủ động)
Need doing = need to be done: cần phải được làm (động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa bị động)
 Tom needs to work harder. (It is necessary for Tom to work harder.)
 The grass in front of the house needs cutting. (The grass in front of the house needs to
be cut.)
b. STOP
Stop to do = stop in order to do: dừng lại để làm việc khác
Stop doing = not to do something any longer: dừng việc đang làm
 They stopped to look at the pictures.
 They stopped smoking because it is bad for their health.
c. REGRET/ REMEMBER/ FORGET:
Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc sẽ phải l m gì (ở hiện tại v tư ng l i)
* Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi bức thư này). Don‟t forget to buy flowers (đừng quên mua
hoa đấy)
* I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tôi rất tiếc phải báo tin cho anh rằng chuyến tầu đã
bị hủy bỏ)
Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc đã l m gì (ở quá khứ).
I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2 (tôi nhớ đã trả cô ấy 2 đô la).
She will never forget meeting the Queen (cô ấy không bao giờ quên lần gặp nữ hoàng)
He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life.
d. TRY
Try to do: cố gắng làm
Try doing: thử làm
 She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college of pharmacy.
 I‘ve got a terrible headache. I try taking some aspirins but they didn‘t help.
e. GO ON:
Go on doing s. th.: tiếp tục l m cùng một việc gì đó.
Go on to do s. th.: l m hay nói việc gì khác
 The Minister went on talking for two hours.
 We must change our ways. We can‘t go on living like this.
 After discussing the economy, the Minister went on to talk about foreign policy.
f. MEAN
Mean + to V = intend to V: dự định làm gí đó
Mean + V-ing = involve: bao gồm, bao hàm, có nghĩa là
B. To infinitive s u một số tính từ:
 Trong cấu trúc s u: IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + TO INFINITIVE
Ví dụ:
- It‘s difficult to find their house Thật khó tím ra nhà của họ
- It‘s dangerous to drive fast Lái xe nhanh thí nguy hiểm.
- It‘s important to learn English Học tiếng Anh thí rất quan trọng
Có hai dạng tương đương như sau:
= To infinitive + be + Adjective
Gerund
Ví dụ:
- It‘s exciting to play football Chơi bóng đá thật thú vị.
= to play football is exciting
= playing football is exciting
To infinitive s u 1 số tính từ:
Able, unable, happy, delighted (vui vẻ), easy, lovely, glad, sorry, eager (háo hức), amazed (ngạc nhiên),
pleased (hài lòng), disappointed, surprised, willing (sẵn lòng), certain (chắc chắn)
 Trong cấu trúc:
* S + be/ get/ look/ seem/ become... + too + Adj +(for O) + to infi.
S + V (thường) + too + Adv +(for O) + to infi.
Ex: The water in this glass is too hot to drink.
This coffee is too hot for me to drink.
He runs too slowly to catch the bus.
*S + be + Adj + enough (for O) + to infi.
S + V (thường) + Adv + enough (for O) + to infi.
Ex: He is old enough to get married.
He‟s intelligent enough to get good marks.
They speak slowly enough to understand.
* so + adjective + as + infinitive
Ex: He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.
*It + cost/ t ke + O + to infinitive...
Ex: It would cost millions/ take years to rebuild the castle.
C. S u một số từ để hỏi:
Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive
Những động từ sử dụng công thức này là ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn,
remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder.
Ex : He discovered how to open the safe.
I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
She couldn‟t think what to say
I showed her which button to press.
She wondered whether to write or phone.
D. Chỉ mục đích:
Ex: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam
E. Noun + to infinitive (replace a relative clause)
Ex: 1. I have many things which I must do/ to do
2. She is always the last to go/ who goes
F. S + V + Đại từ bất định + To V
(anywhere, anybody, anything, somebody, something, somewhere, nobody, nothing, nowhere, everything,
everybody, everywhere)
Ex: Is there anywhere to go?
He has got nothing to eat
G. Sau một số cụm từ s u:
be about:định, sẽ
be able: có thể
do one‘s best: cố gắng
make an/ every effort: nỗ lực
make up one‘s mind: quyết định
can‘t afford
Ex: He is just about to leave
We can‟t afford to live in the centre
H. Th y cho một mệnh đề qu n hệ:
- Động từ nguyên thể có thể được sử dụng sau the first, the second..., the last, the only và thỉnh thoảng
sau so sánh hơn nhất
Ex: He loves parties; he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
= He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave
He is the second one to be killed in this way.
4. The perfect infinitive:
+ Form: to have + Vpp
+ Use:
- Dùng với was/ were để diễn tả một kế hoạch chưa thực hiện được
Ex: The house was to have been ready today (but it isn‘t)
- Dùng sau would/ would like để diễn tả một điều ước vẫn chưa hoàn thiện
Ex: He would like to have seen it (but it was impossible)
- Dùng với một số động từ: appear, happen, pretend, seem, believe, consider, find, know, report, say,
suppose, think, understand...

III. PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND:
+ Passive gerund: being + past participle
Ex: She hates being called a dull.
The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche.
I am interested in being given money by my mother.
+ Passive infinitive: to be + past participle
Ex: I hoped to be invited to the party.
He refused to be taken to hospital.
She doesn‟t want to be asked personal questions
 Được dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động/ sự kiện hơn là tác nhân gây ra hành động

 

[Nguyễn Hồng Lương]

[TẶNG BẠN] TRỌN BỘ Bí kíp học tốt 08 môn
Chắc suất Đại học top - Giữ chỗ ngay!!

ĐĂNG BÀI NGAY để cùng trao đổi với các thành viên siêu nhiệt tình & dễ thương trên diễn đàn.

PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT
I. GERUND:
1. Chức năng:
- Là chủ ngữ trong câu: Dancing bored him
- Bổ ngữ của động từ: His hobby is painting
- Là bổ ngữ: Seeing is believing
- Sau giới từ: He is interested in watching films on Tv.
- Sau một vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy.........

2. Một số cách dùng đặc biệt:
a. Verb + V-ing: Danh động từ theo sau một số động từ:
Admit: thú nhận
Anticipate: trông mong, mongđợi
Avoid: tránh
Appreciate: tán thành
Consider: xem xẫt
Delay: hoãn lại
Defer: trí hoãn
Deny: từ chối
Detest: ghẫt
Dislike: không thìch
Dread: sợ
Enjoy: thìch thú
Escape: trốn thoát
Excuse: thứ lỗi
Fancy: đam mê
Finish
Forgive: tha thứ
Like: thìch
Love: yêu thìch
Imagine: tưởng tượng
Involve: dình lìu, liên quan
Keep: giữ, tiếp
Mind: phiền
Miss: lỡ, nhớ
Mention: đề cập
Pardon: tha thứ, tha lỗi
Prefer
Prevent: ngăn ngừa
Postpone: hoãn lại
Practice: thực hành
Prevent
Propose (= suggest)
Quit: từ bỏ
Recollect: nhớ lại
Resent: căm thù
Recall: gợi nhớ/ recollect
Resume: cho rằng
Resist: kháng cự, ngăn cản
Risk: mạo hiểm
Remember/ forget
Suggest: gợi ý
Stop/ begin/ start
Understand: hiểu
Discuss: thảo luận
Hate: ghét
Ex: He admitted taking the money.
Avoid over-eating
He detests writing letters.
He didn‘t want to risk getting wet.
I can‘t understand his/ him leaving his wife.
Chú ý: excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent không trực tiếp theo sau bởi danh động từ mà theo sau bởi:
Possessive adjective/ pronoun + danh động từ hoặc pronoun + preposition + danh động từ
Appreciate thường theo sau bởi tình từ sở hữu hoặc danh động từ ở dạng bị động
Ex: Forgive my/ me ringing you up so early.
Forgive me for ringing you up so early.
You can‟t prevent his/ him spending his own money.
You can‟t prevent him from spending his own money.
I appreciate your giving me o much of your time. / I appreciate being given this opportunity.
b. common phrasal verbs + V-ing: (sau một số cụm động từ) carry on, end up, give up, go round, keep on, put off, set about...
c. Expression + V-ing: Một số th nh ngữ theo s u bởi V-ing
- have fun/ a good time + V-ing: vui vẻ ...
- have trouble/ difficulty + V-ing:
- have a hard time/ difficult time + V-ing
- spend + time/ money + V-ing (present participle)
He spends 3 hours studying English every day.
- waste + time/money + V-ing:
- sit + Danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing: she sat at her desk writing a letter
- stand + danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing
- lie + danh từ nơi chốn + Ving
- can‘t help = can‘t bear = can‘t stand = can‘t resist (không thể chịu được)
I can‟t bear hearing his lies
I can‟t stand seeing him here
- it is no good / it is no use (vô ìch / không có ìch): It‟s no use phoning him at this time
- there‘s no point in ...
- What‘s the point of...
- to be busy bận rộn
My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen.
- to be worth đáng
This book is worth reading
- be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen với
- S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thìch làm gí hơn làm gí
= S + would rather Vinf than Vinf
d. go + gerund để chỉ một hoạt động đặc biệt nào đó: (Present participle)
- go fishing đi câu cá go hunting go bowling go jogging
- go shopping đi mua sắm go camping go sightseeing go sailing
- go swimming đi bơi go dancing go running ....
- go hiking đi bộ dã ngoại go birdwatching go boating go canoening
- go mountain climbing
* Cụm giới từ theo sau bới V-ing:
be excited/ worried about V-ing
complain keep (someone)
dream about/ of + V-ing prevent (someone) from V-ing
talk stop (someone)
think
apologize believe
blame (someone) be interested in V-ing
forgive (someone) for V-ing succeed
be responsible
thank (someone)
be tired of V-ing in addition
be waste look forward to V-ing
* Preposition +gerund (giới từ +gerund):
Be interested in (thìch thú) think about (nghĩ về) apologize for (xin lỗi về)
Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instead of (thay ví)
Be accustomed to look forward to (mong đợi)
be / get used to quen /thìch nghi với be familiar with

3. The perfect gerund:
Form: having Vpp
The perfect gerund được sử dụng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) khi chúng ta đề cập tới một
hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ:
Ex: He was accused of having stolen her money.
He denied having been there.

4. The passive gerund:
Form: being + past participle (present)
Having + been + Vpp (past)
Ex: She hates being called a dull.
The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche.
I am interested in being given money by my mother.
He was punished by being sent to bed without any supper.
The safe showed no signs of having been touched.

II. INFINITIVES: Động từ nguyên thể
1. Chức năng:
- Làm chủ ngữ của câu: (cùng với các động từ: appear, seem, be)
Ex: To save money now seems impossible.
= It seems impossible to save money (more usual)
- Làm bổ ngữ của động từ (be):
Ex: His plan is to keep the affair secret.
- Làm tân ngữ của động từ:
Ex: He wants to play
- Chỉ mục đìch: He learns English to sing English songs.
- Sau một số tình từ:

2. Bare infinitive (infinitive without to)
 Được dùng sau động từ make, have với nghĩ nguyên cớ (causative)
The Brown made their children clean their room.
The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs.
 Được dùng sau động từ giác quan như see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell,....
We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain.
The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual.
* chú ý:
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + Ving (present p rticiple): bắt gặp i đó đ ng l m gì
Feel, hear, see, watch, smell, find + O + bare inf.: thấy i đó đã l m gì
 Đuợc dùng sau động từ let và help.
My brother let me use computer.
The parents helped their children set up the tent.
 Được dùng sau các đọng từ khuyết thiếu và trợ động từ: can, could, will, shall, would,
should, used to, had better, need, ought to, do, did ...
 Trong cấu trúc: would rather + bare infinitive/ had better

3. To – infinitive:
A. To infinitive s u động từ:
Dạng1: V + TO INFINITIVE : Mẫt số động từ theo sau là to infinitive
1. agree: đồng ý
2. aim: nhằm mục đìch
3. appear: có vẻ
4. arrange: sắp xếp
5. ask: yêu cầu
6. attempt: cố gắng
7. bother: phiền
8. care: để ý
9. choose: chọn
10. claim: công bố
11. decide: quyết định
12. demand: yêu cầu
13. determine: định đoạt
14. fail: thất bại
15. guarantee: bảo đảm
16. happen: xảy ra
17. hesitate: do dự
18. hope: hy vọng
19. learn: học
20. manage: xoay xở
21. neglect: lơ đãng
22. offer: đề nghị
23. plan: có kế hoạch
24. prepare:chuẩn bị
25. pretend: giả vờ
26. proceed: tiếp nối
27. promise:
28. prove: chứng tỏ
29. refuse: từ chối
30. resolve: nhất quyết
31. seem:
32. swear: thề
33. tend: có xu hướng
34. threaten: dọa
35. volunteer: tính nguyện
36. vow: dụ dỗ
37. wish
38. want
39. need
40. wait
41. expect
42. intend
43. would like/ would love
44. beg
45. begin/ start
46. afford: đủ khả năng
47. be willing
48. be able
49. expect
50. intend
51. beg: cầu khẩn
52. prefer
- Danh từ/ đại từ làm tân ngữ (objects) đi sau, rồi mới đến ―to infinitive‖
Vì dụ:
- She advised me to go to the English Club.
* Một số động từ thường gặp:
+ advise: khuyên + allow: cho phẫp
+ ask: yêu cầu. + cause: gây ra.
+ command: yêu cầu, ra lệnh+ encourage: khuyến khìch
+ expect: mong chờ. + forbid: cấm
+ force: buộc + instruct: chỉ dẫn
+ invite: mời + oblige: bắt buộc
+ need: cần - We need you to help us
+ teach: dạy - My brother taught me to swim
+ tell: bảo. + want: muốn
+ warn: cảnh báo + remind: nhắc nhở
+ order: yêu cầu, ra lệnh + persuade: thuyết phục
+ request: yêu cầu + show:
+ train: đào tạo, huấn luyện + instruct: chỉ dẫn
+ permit: cho phẫp + remind: nhắc nhở
* NOTES:
+ allow / permit / advise/ recommend/ encourage + object + to infinitive
Ex: She doesn‟t llow me to smoke in her room
+ allow/ permit/ recommend/ encourage/ advise + gerund
Ex: She doesn‟t llow smoking in her room

Dạng3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND (một số động từ theo sau bởi to infinitive and gerund)
Nhóm 1: V + to Infinitive / Gerund (không khác nghĩ )
- begin bắt đầu - prefer thìch.. hơn - can‘t stand
- start bắt đầu - hate ghẫt - can‘t bear
- continue tiếp tục - love yêu thìch - intend
- like thìch - bother làm phiền
Các động từ trên có thể được theo sau bởi to Infinitive hoặc Gerund mà ý nghĩa hÇu nh- không đổi.
Ví dụ:
- He began to laugh
= He began laughing
Chú ý:
a) Không nên dùng: It‘s beginning raining
Nên nói: It is begining to rain
b) Động từ nguyên mẫu thường mang ý nghĩa của một mục đìch, một dự tình trong tương lai, trong khi
danh động từ mang ý nghĩa một kinh nghiệm sẵn có. Cách sử dụng chúng đôi khi rất tinh tế như sau:
Ví dụ
- I like to meet the public
(Tôi thìch gặp công chúng – Tôi thấy nên gặp, cần gặp → dự định)
- I like meeting the public
(Tôi thìch gặp công chúng. Tôi thấy vui khi gặp và tôi luôn làm thế).

Nhóm 2: V + infinitive / Gerund (khác nghĩ )
remember, forget, regret, try, stop, need, go on
a. NEED
Need to do = it is necessary to do:cần phải làm (động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa chủ động)
Need doing = need to be done: cần phải được làm (động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa bị động)
 Tom needs to work harder. (It is necessary for Tom to work harder.)
 The grass in front of the house needs cutting. (The grass in front of the house needs to
be cut.)
b. STOP
Stop to do = stop in order to do: dừng lại để làm việc khác
Stop doing = not to do something any longer: dừng việc đang làm
 They stopped to look at the pictures.
 They stopped smoking because it is bad for their health.
c. REGRET/ REMEMBER/ FORGET:
Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc sẽ phải l m gì (ở hiện tại v tư ng l i)
* Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi bức thư này). Don‟t forget to buy flowers (đừng quên mua
hoa đấy)
* I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tôi rất tiếc phải báo tin cho anh rằng chuyến tầu đã
bị hủy bỏ)
Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc đã l m gì (ở quá khứ).
I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2 (tôi nhớ đã trả cô ấy 2 đô la).
She will never forget meeting the Queen (cô ấy không bao giờ quên lần gặp nữ hoàng)
He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life.
d. TRY
Try to do: cố gắng làm
Try doing: thử làm
 She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college of pharmacy.
 I‘ve got a terrible headache. I try taking some aspirins but they didn‘t help.
e. GO ON:
Go on doing s. th.: tiếp tục l m cùng một việc gì đó.
Go on to do s. th.: l m hay nói việc gì khác
 The Minister went on talking for two hours.
 We must change our ways. We can‘t go on living like this.
 After discussing the economy, the Minister went on to talk about foreign policy.
f. MEAN
Mean + to V = intend to V: dự định làm gí đó
Mean + V-ing = involve: bao gồm, bao hàm, có nghĩa là
B. To infinitive s u một số tính từ:
 Trong cấu trúc s u: IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + TO INFINITIVE
Ví dụ:
- It‘s difficult to find their house Thật khó tím ra nhà của họ
- It‘s dangerous to drive fast Lái xe nhanh thí nguy hiểm.
- It‘s important to learn English Học tiếng Anh thí rất quan trọng
Có hai dạng tương đương như sau:
= To infinitive + be + Adjective
Gerund
Ví dụ:
- It‘s exciting to play football Chơi bóng đá thật thú vị.
= to play football is exciting
= playing football is exciting
To infinitive s u 1 số tính từ:
Able, unable, happy, delighted (vui vẻ), easy, lovely, glad, sorry, eager (háo hức), amazed (ngạc nhiên),
pleased (hài lòng), disappointed, surprised, willing (sẵn lòng), certain (chắc chắn)
 Trong cấu trúc:
* S + be/ get/ look/ seem/ become... + too + Adj +(for O) + to infi.
S + V (thường) + too + Adv +(for O) + to infi.
Ex: The water in this glass is too hot to drink.
This coffee is too hot for me to drink.
He runs too slowly to catch the bus.
*S + be + Adj + enough (for O) + to infi.
S + V (thường) + Adv + enough (for O) + to infi.
Ex: He is old enough to get married.
He‟s intelligent enough to get good marks.
They speak slowly enough to understand.
* so + adjective + as + infinitive
Ex: He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.
*It + cost/ t ke + O + to infinitive...
Ex: It would cost millions/ take years to rebuild the castle.
C. S u một số từ để hỏi:
Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive
Những động từ sử dụng công thức này là ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn,
remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder.
Ex : He discovered how to open the safe.
I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
She couldn‟t think what to say
I showed her which button to press.
She wondered whether to write or phone.
D. Chỉ mục đích:
Ex: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam
E. Noun + to infinitive (replace a relative clause)
Ex: 1. I have many things which I must do/ to do
2. She is always the last to go/ who goes
F. S + V + Đại từ bất định + To V
(anywhere, anybody, anything, somebody, something, somewhere, nobody, nothing, nowhere, everything,
everybody, everywhere)
Ex: Is there anywhere to go?
He has got nothing to eat
G. Sau một số cụm từ s u:
be about:định, sẽ
be able: có thể
do one‘s best: cố gắng
make an/ every effort: nỗ lực
make up one‘s mind: quyết định
can‘t afford
Ex: He is just about to leave
We can‟t afford to live in the centre
H. Th y cho một mệnh đề qu n hệ:
- Động từ nguyên thể có thể được sử dụng sau the first, the second..., the last, the only và thỉnh thoảng
sau so sánh hơn nhất
Ex: He loves parties; he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
= He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave
He is the second one to be killed in this way.
4. The perfect infinitive:
+ Form: to have + Vpp
+ Use:
- Dùng với was/ were để diễn tả một kế hoạch chưa thực hiện được
Ex: The house was to have been ready today (but it isn‘t)
- Dùng sau would/ would like để diễn tả một điều ước vẫn chưa hoàn thiện
Ex: He would like to have seen it (but it was impossible)
- Dùng với một số động từ: appear, happen, pretend, seem, believe, consider, find, know, report, say,
suppose, think, understand...

III. PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND:
+ Passive gerund: being + past participle
Ex: She hates being called a dull.
The mountain climbers are in danger of being killed by an avalanche.
I am interested in being given money by my mother.
+ Passive infinitive: to be + past participle
Ex: I hoped to be invited to the party.
He refused to be taken to hospital.
She doesn‟t want to be asked personal questions
 Được dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động/ sự kiện hơn là tác nhân gây ra hành động

Up luôn bài tập chị ơi
E cảm ơn chị nhé
Mong cj sẽ đưa ra nhiều bài viết hơn

 

[Phạm Dương]

Exercise 1
1. I enjoy_______ alone.
a. be b. being c. to be d. to have been
2. Would you like_______ to the party?
a. to come b. come c. coming d. to have come
3. Do you mind_______ such a long way to work everyday?
a. to travel b. travel c. to have traveled d. traveling
4. I don’t like that house. I would hate_______ there.
a. live b. living c. to live d. to have lived
5. Sometimes I'd like_______ to play the piano.
a. to learn b. learn c. learning d. to have learned
6. Please remember_______ this letter.
a. to post b. post c. posting d. to have posted
7. We tried_______ the fire out but we were unsuccessful. We had to call the fire-brigade.
a. putting b. put c. to put d. to have put
8. When you see John, remember_______ it by the window and now it has gone.
a. to have given b. giving c. give d. to give
9. Someone must have taken my bad. I clearly remember_______ it by the window and now it has gone.
a. leave b. leaving c. to leave d. to have left
10. Jane needed some money. She tried_______ Harry but he couldn't help her.
a. to have asked b. ask c. to ask d. asking
11. I think they are now accustomed to _______ 12 hours a day.
a. work b. to work c. worked d. working
12. He tried_______ the shelf but he wasn't tall enough.
a. reach b. reaching c. to reach d. to have reached
13. Alice didn't expect_______ to Bill's party.
a. asking b. being asked c. to ask d. to be asked
14. I finally finished_______ at 7:00 pm and served dinner.
a. cooking b. being cooked c. to cook d. to be cooked
15. Sam always remembers_______ in the garage so that the driveway in free for other cars.
a. parking b. being parked c. to park d. to be parked
16. The nurse suggested_______ two aspirins.
a. taking b. being taken c. to take d. to be taken
17. Would you mind not_______ the radio until I've finished with this phone call?
a. turning on b. being turned on c. to turn on d. to be turned on
18. They were fortunate_______ from the fire before the building collapsed.
a. rescuing b. to have rescued c. to rescue d. to have been rescued
19. The mouse family avoided_______ by coming out only when the house was empty and the two cats were outside.
a. catching b. being caught c. to have been caught d. to be caught
Exercise 2
1. It's very kind of you_______ so.
a. say b. to say c. saying d. to be saying
2. Please show me how_______ this.
a. do b. to do c. doing d. to have done
3. One is never too old_______
a. learning b. learn c. to have learned d. to learn
4. You are old enough_______ out alone.
a. going b. go c. to go d. to have gone
5. I'm very glad_______ you.
a. to meet b. meet c. meeting d. to be meeting
6. It's nice_______ you.
a. to know b. know c. knowing d. to be knowing
7. You have no right_______ my daughter.
a. see b. to see c. seeing d. to have seen
8. Please tell me what_______
a. doing b. do c. to do d. to have done
9. I forbid you _______ my letter.
a. to read b. read c. to have read d. reading
10. We stopped_______ hello to her.
a. say b. saying b. to have said d. to say
11. We came_______ help her.
a. help b. to help c. to have helped d. helping
12. I'll invite her_______ my daughter.
a. teaching b. teach c. to teach d. to have taught
13. I don’t feel like_______ to the cinema now.
a. go b. going c. to go d. to have gone
14. It's no good_______ video games.
a. play b. to have played c. to play d. playing
15. It's no use_______ with him.
a. working b. work c. to work d. to have worked
16. The idea of_______ abroad appeals to me.
a. working b. work c. to work d. being working
17. The Rogers are happy about_______ a baby.
a. have b. having c. to have d. to be having
18. Camping is hard if you're not used to _______ on the ground.
a. be slept b. to be sleeping c. sleeping d. sleeping
19. Mrs. Kerry didn’t want_______ on
a. to be operated b. being operated c. to operate d. to be operating
20. Windows are used to let in light and _______ out cold.
a. to keep b. keep c. keeping d. for keeping
Exercise 3
1. It isn't worth while_______ her.
a. marry b. to marry c. marrying d. to have married
2. She did nothing but_______
a. cry b. to cry c. to have cried d. crying
3. He can’t live without_______ here.
a. being loved b. to love c. love d. loving
4. People are prevented from_______ to the polluted area.
a. go b. going c. to go d. to have gone
5. Tourists are not allowed _______ in the Temple.
a. to talk b. talk c. talking d. being talked
6. The teacher doesn't allow_______ dictionaries in the final examination.
a. being used b. use c. using d. to use
7. Many countries have considered_______ the victims of the tsunami.
a. to have helped b. to help c. help d. helping
8. The child admitted_______ a lie.
a. tell b. telling c. to tell d. to be telling
9. The president agreed_______ the Agreement.
a. to sign b. sign c. signing d. to have signed
10. The captain chose_______ with his ship.
a. die b. to die c. to have died d. dying
11. Vietnam failed_______ Tiger Cup 2004!
a. winning b. win c. to win d. to have won
12. The child promised_______ his parents.
a. being obeyed b. obeying c. obey d. to obey
13. Lee was upset by_______ him the truth.
a. our not having told b. us not tell
c. we didn't tell d. not to tell
14. Wee considered_______ after work.
a. to go shop b. going shopping c. going to shop d. to go to shop
15. Jack offered_______ care of my garden while I was out of town.
a. take b. taking c. to have taken c. to take
16. Could you please come over? I need you _______ the refrigerator.
a. help me moving b. helping me to move
c. to help me move d. help me to move
17. I'll never forget_______ that race. What a thrill!
a. to win b. win c. being won d. winning
18. No one has better qualifications. Carol is certain_______ for the job.
a. to choose b. having chosen c. to be chosen d. being chosen
19. I was enjoying my book, but I topper_______ a program on TV.
a. reading to watch b. to read to watch
c. to read for watching d. reading for to watch
20. Who is the woman talking to Mr. Quinn? I don't recall_______ her around the office before.
a. to have seen b. seeing c. to see d. being seen
Exercise 4
1. He tried to avoid_______ my question.
a. answer b. answering c. to answer d. to have answered
2. Paula has given up _______ to lose weight.
a. try b. trying c. to try d. to have tried
3. We can't go on_______ like this.
a. living b. live c. to live d. to be living
4. Don't keep_______ me while I'm talking.
a. interrupt b. to interrupt c. interrupting d. to have interrupted
5. I can't imagine Bill _______ a motorbike.
a. ride b. riding c. to ride d. to be riding
6. Sorry to keep you_______ so long.
a. waiting b. wait c. to wait d. to have waited
7. She now regrets_______ it.
a. say b. having said d. to say d. to have said
8. We decided_______ at home.
a. to stay b. stay c. staying d. having stayed
9. Frank tends_______ too much.
a. to have drunk b. drinking c. drink d. to drink
10. He doesn't want_______
a. to know b. know c. knowing d. to be knowing
11. I don’t advise anybody_______ in that hotel.
a. stay b. to stay c. staying d. to have stayed
12. The mother made her child_______ the word
a. repeat b. to repeat c. repeating d. to be repeating
13. My parents don't let me_______ out alone.
a. go b. to go c. going d. to be going
14. I'm afraid I have some homework_______ today.
a. do b. to do c. going d. done
15. Have the movers_______ the bedroom furniture first.
a. brought in b. to bring in c. bring in d. bringing in
16. Do you know what_______ so many people evacuate their homes?
a. forced b. made c. caused d. convinced
17. Where are the children? "I saw_______ in the yeard".
a. them to play b. them playing c. they playing d. to them playing
18. You're been taking a lot of nice photographs.
a. becoming b. about become c. to become d. about becoming
19. Jane's summer vacation in England led to_______ an English man.
a. her marry b. her to marry c. her being married d. her marrying
20. We would like_______ to the president's reception, but we weren't
a. having invited b. having been invited
c. to have invited d. to have been invited
Exercise 5
1. I can't go because I haven't got anything_______
a. wear b. to wear c. wearing d. worn
2. I have nothing_______ you to day.
a. tell b. to tell c. telling d. told
3. Would you like something_______?
a. drink b. to drink c. drinking d. drunk
4. Is there any place_______ tonight?
a. stayed b. staying c. to stay d. stay
5. Have you got any books_______?
a. sell b. selling c. sold d. to sell
6. I often avoid_______ to parties.
a. go b. to go c. gone d. going
7. They often suggest their_______ out with some friends.
a. going b. gone c. go d. to go
8. Please pardon my_______ you.
a. disturb b. disturbing c. to disturb d. disturbed
9. I cannot remember_______ him last week.
a. meet b. meeting c. to meet d. met
10. Susan is interested in _______ a bus.
a. drive b. driving c. to drive d. driven
11. What about_______ for a walk?
a. going b. gone c. go d. to go
12. Have you planned on _______ to Nha Trang this summer?
a. go b. to go c. going d. gone
13. I suggest _______ to the cinema for a change.
a. go b. to go c. went d. going
14. Do you consider_______ our teacher on Friday?
a. inviting b. invited c. invited d. to invite
15. Would you mind_______ me a hand?
a. to give b. giving c. give d. given
16. The baby continued_______ even after she was picked up.
a. being crying b. having cried c. to cry d. having been crying
17. Arthur pretended not_______ hurt when his younger sister bit him.
a. having b. be c. to have d. to have been
18. We were shocked to hear the news of your_______
a. having fired b. having been fired
c. to be fired d. to have been fired
19. Do you have an excuse_______ late to class two days in a row?
a. for to be b. for being c. to be d. being
20. Jack made me_______ him next week.
a. to promise to call b. to promise calling
c. promise to call d. promise calling
Exercise 6
1. I can’t stand_______ her cry.
a. to have seen b. to see c. see d. seeing
2. Suddenly everybody stopped_______ There was silence.
a. talking b. to talk c. talk d. being talked
3. I'll go with you when I've finished_______ my homework.
a. to have done b. do c. doing d. to do
4. _______natural resources is of great importance.
a. Preserve b. Preserving c. To have preserved d. Preserved
5. We avoid_______ out environment.
a. polluting b. to pollute c. pollute d polluted
6. I think they are now accustomed to _______ 12 hours a day.
a. work b. to work c. worked d. working
7. "Why did Mrs. Walker call?" "She wants_______ her load some boxes into her car"..
a. that we help b. us help c. us helping d. us to help
8. "How did the prisoner escape?" "By climbing a fence and_______ someone's car".
a. steal b. to steal c. from stealing d. stealing
9. "What happened to Julie?" "We saw_______ by a bicyclist".
a. her hit b. hit her c. her hitting d. being hitting
10. "What is this letter about?" "It's in regard_______ at a conference next week".
a. to you speak b. to our speaking c. of our speaking d. to you speaking
11. "Why are you getting new glasses?" "Because it's difficult_______ the small print in the newspaper".
a. to read for me b. my reading c. I read d. for me to read
12. "This cabinet is beautiful. Did you make it yourself?" "No, I had_______".
a. it built b. built it c. to built it d. it build
13. "Don’t take a taxi. We insist_______ in our car.
a. you to come b. on your coming c. on you coming d. for you to come
14. "You've been redecorating your house", "Yes, I'm thinking_______ this room white".
a. to paint b. to painting c. of paint d. about painting
15. "What's wrong with the teacher?" "_______to class late so much has made him mad".
a. John comes b. John coming c. John's coming d. John to come
16. "I can't open this jar of mayonnaise" "_______ Lee to help you".
a. Have b. Let c. Ask d. Make
17. "Did you paint our house yourself?" "No, I had some friends_______ me"
a. help b. helped b. to help d. to help to
18. Photocopiers are used_______ of a written text.
a. to make copies b. to making copies c. make copies d. making copies
19. "Do you like being married?" "Yes, but I'm not use_______ every night".
a. to cook b. to cooking c. cooking d. to have cooked
20. "It’s warmer in her now". "Yes, I had Karen _______ then window.".
a. closed b. closing c. to close d. close
Exercise 1
1b / 2a / 3d / 4c / 5a / 6a / 7c / 8d / 9b / 10d / 11d / 12d / 13d / 14c / 15a / 16a / 17a / 18d / 19b
Exercise 2
1b / 2b / 3d / 4c / 5a / 6a / 7b / 8c / 9a / 10d / 11b / 12c / 13b / 14d / 15a / 16a / 17b / 18d / 19a/ 20b
Exercise 3
1c/ 2a/ 3d/ 4b/ 5a/ 6c/ 7d/ 8b/ 9a/ 10b/ 11c/ 12d/ 13a/ 14b/ 15d/ 16c/ 17d/ 18c/ 19a/ 20b
Exercise 4
1b/ 2b/ 3a/ 4c/ 5b/ 6a/ 7b/ 8a/ 9d/ 10a/ 11b/ 12a/ 13a/ 14b/ 15c/ 16b/ 17b/ 18a/ 19d/ 20d
Exercise 5
1b/ 2b/ 3b/ 4c/ 5d/ 6d/ 7a/ 8c/ 9b/ 10b/ 11a/ 12c/ 13d/ 14a/ 15b/ 16c/ 17d/ 18b/ 19b/ 20c
Exercise 6
1d/ 2a/ 3c/ 4b/ 5a/ 6d/ 7d/ 8d/ 9a/ 10b/ 11d/ 12a/ 13b/ 14d/ 15c/ 16c/ 17a/ 18a/ 19b/ 20d